Doxazosin (Page 2 of 6)

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of doxazosin. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

In post-marketing experience, the following additional adverse reactions have been reported:

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia;

Immune System Disorders: allergic reaction;

Nervous System Disorders: hypoesthesia;

Eye Disorders: Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ].

Cardiac Disorders: bradycardia;

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: bronchospasm aggravated;

Gastrointestinal Disorders: vomiting;

Hepatobiliary Disorders: cholestasis, hepatitis cholestatic;

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: urticaria;

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: muscle cramps, muscle weakness;

Renal and Urinary Disorders: hematuria, micturition disorder, micturition frequency, nocturia;

Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: gynecomastia, priapism.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

7.1 CYP 3A Inhibitors

In vitro studies suggest that doxazosin is a substrate of CYP 3A4. Strong CYP3A inhibitors may increase exposure to doxazosin. Monitor blood pressure and for symptoms of hypotension when doxazosin is used concomitantly with strong CYP3A inhibitors [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

7.2 Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors

Concomitant administration of doxazosin with a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor can result in additive blood pressure lowering effects and symptomatic hypotension. Monitor blood pressure and for symptoms of hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] .

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

The limited available data with doxazosin in pregnant women are not sufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. However, untreated hypertension during pregnancy can result in increased maternal risks [see Clinical Considerations] . In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed when doxazosin was orally administered to pregnant rabbits and rats during the period of organogenesis at doses of up to 41 mg and 20 mg/kg, respectively (exposures in rabbits and rats were 10 and 4 times, respectively, the human AUC exposures with a 12 mg/day therapeutic dose). A dosage regimen of 82 mg/kg/day in the rabbit was associated with reduced fetal survival [see Data].

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk

Hypertension in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, premature delivery, and delivery complications (e.g., need for cesarean section, and post-partum hemorrhage). Hypertension increases the fetal risk for intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine death.

Data

Animal Data

Radioactivity was found to cross the placenta following oral administration of labelled doxazosin to pregnant rats. Studies in pregnant rabbits and rats at daily oral doses of up to 41 mg and 20 mg/kg, respectively (plasma drug concentrations of 10 and 4 times, respectively, the human AUC exposures with a 12 mg/day therapeutic dose), have revealed no evidence of adverse developmental effects. A dosage regimen of 82 mg/kg/day in the rabbit was associated with reduced fetal survival. In peri-and postnatal studies in rats, postnatal development at maternal doses of 40 mg or 50 mg/kg/day of doxazosin (about 8 times human AUC exposure with a 12 mg/day therapeutic dose) was delayed, as evidenced by slower body weight gain and slightly later appearance of anatomical features and reflexes.

8.2 Lactation

Risk Summary

There is limited information on the presence of doxazosin in human milk [see Data] . There is no information on the effects of doxazosin on the breastfeed infant or the effects on milk production.

Data

A single case study reports that doxazosin is present in human milk, which resulted in an infant dose of less than 1% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio of 0.1. However, these data are insufficient to confirm the presence of doxazosin in human milk.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of doxazosin have not been established in children.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

The safety and effectiveness profile of doxazosin was similar in the elderly (age ≥ 65 years) and younger (age < 65 years) patients.

Hypertension

Clinical studies of doxazosin did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients.

In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

8.6 Hepatic Impairment

Doxazosin is extensively metabolized in the liver. Hepatic impairment is expected to increase exposure to doxazosin. Use of doxazosin in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) is not recommended. Monitor blood pressure and for symptoms of hypotension in patients with lesser degrees of hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A and B) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

10 OVERDOSAGE

Experience with doxazosin overdosage is limited. Two adolescents, who each intentionally ingested 40 mg doxazosin with diclofenac or acetaminophen, were treated with gastric lavage with activated charcoal and made full recoveries. A two-year-old child who accidently ingested 4 mg doxazosin was treated with gastric lavage and remained normotensive during the five-hour emergency room observation period. A six-month-old child accidentally received a crushed 1 mg tablet of doxazosin and was reported to have been drowsy. A 32-year-old female with chronic renal failure, epilepsy, and depression intentionally ingested 60 mg doxazosin (blood level = 0.9 mcg/mL; normal values in hypertensives = 0.02 mcg/mL); death was attributed to a grand mal seizure resulting from hypotension. A 39-year-old female who ingested 70 mg doxazosin, alcohol, and Dalmane ® (flurazepam) developed hypotension which responded to fluid therapy.

The oral LD 50 of doxazosin is greater than 1000 mg/kg in mice and rats. The most likely manifestation of overdosage would be hypotension, for which the usual treatment would be intravenous infusion of fluid. As doxazosin is highly protein bound, dialysis would not be indicated.

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