Eszopiclone
ESZOPICLONE- eszopiclone tablet, film coated
NuCare Pharmaceuticals,Inc.
WARNING: COMPLEX SLEEP BEHAVIORS
Complex sleep behaviors including sleep-walking, sleep-driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake may occur following use of eszopiclone tablets. Some of these events may result in serious injuries, including death. Discontinue eszopiclone tablets immediately if a patient experiences a complex sleep behavior [see Contraindications ( 4) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)].
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Eszopiclone tablets are indicated for the treatment of insomnia. In controlled outpatient and sleep laboratory studies, eszopiclone tablets administered at bedtime decreased sleep latency and improved sleep maintenance.
The clinical trials performed in support of efficacy were up to 6 months in duration. The final formal assessments of sleep latency and maintenance were performed at 4 weeks in the 6-week study (adults only), at the end of both 2-week studies (elderly only) and at the end of the 6-month study (adults only).
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Use the lowest effective dose for the patient.
2.1 Dosage in Adults
The recommended starting dose is 1 mg. Dosing can be raised to 2 mg or 3 mg if clinically indicated. In some patients, the higher morning blood levels of eszopiclone tablets following use of the 2 mg or 3 mg dose increase the risk of next day impairment of driving and other activities that require full alertness [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1) ]. The total dose of eszopiclone tablets should not exceed 3 mg, once daily immediately before bedtime [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6) ].
2.2 Geriatric or Debilitated Patients
The total dose of eszopiclone tablets should not exceed 2 mg in elderly or debilitated patients.
2.3 Patients with Severe Hepatic Impairment, or Taking Potent CYP3A4 Inhibitors
In patients with severe hepatic impairment, or in patients coadministered eszopiclone tablets with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, the total dose of eszopiclone tablets should not exceed 2 mg [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7) ].
2.4 Use with CNS Depressants
Dosage adjustments may be necessary when eszopiclone tablets are combined with other central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs because of the potentially additive effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1) ].
2.5 Administration with Food
Taking eszopiclone tablets with or immediately after a heavy, high-fat meal results in slower absorption and would be expected to reduce the effect of eszopiclone tablets on sleep latency [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3) ].
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Eszopiclone Tablets, USP are available in 1 mg, 2 mg and 3 mg strengths for oral administration.
Eszopiclone Tablets, USP, 3 mg are round, dark blue, film-coated tablets, debossed with ‘384’ on one side and ‘G’ on the other side.
Eszopiclone Tablets, USP, 2 mg are round, white to off-white, film-coated tablets, debossed with ‘383’ on one side and ‘G’ on the other side.
Eszopiclone Tablets, USP, 1 mg are round, light blue, film-coated tablets, debossed with ‘382’ on one side and ‘G’ on the other side.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
- Eszopiclone tablets are contraindicated in patients who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking eszopiclone tablets [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)] . Eszopiclone tablets are contraindicated in patients who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking eszopiclone tablets [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)].
- Eszopiclone tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to eszopiclone. Hypersensitivity reactions include anaphylaxis and angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3)].
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Complex Sleep Behaviors
. Complex sleep behaviors including sleep-walking, sleep-driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake may occur following the first or any subsequent use of eszopiclone. Patients can be seriously injured or injure others during complex sleep behaviors. Such injuries may result in fatal outcomes. Other complex sleep behaviors (e.g., preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex) have also been reported. Patients usually do not remember these events. Post-marketing reports have shown that complex sleep behaviors may occur with eszopiclone alone at recommended dosages, with or without the concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1)]. Discontinue eszopiclone immediately if a patient experiences a complex sleep behavior.
5.2 CNS Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment
Eszopiclone is a CNS depressant and can impair daytime function in some patients at the higher doses (2 mg or 3 mg), even when used as prescribed. Prescribers should monitor for excess depressant effects, but impairment can occur in the absence of symptoms (or even with subjective improvement), and impairment may not be reliably detected by ordinary clinical exam (i.e., less than formal psychomotor testing). While pharmacodynamic tolerance or adaptation to some adverse depressant effects of eszopiclone may develop, patients using 3 mg eszopiclone should be cautioned against driving or engaging in other hazardous activities or activities requiring complete mental alertness the day after use.Eszopiclone is a CNS depressant and can impair daytime function in some patients at the higher doses (2 mg or 3 mg), even when used as prescribed. Prescribers should monitor for excess depressant effects, but impairment can occur in the absence of symptoms (or even with subjective improvement), and impairment may not be reliably detected by ordinary clinical exam (i.e., less than formal psychomotor testing). While pharmacodynamic tolerance or adaptation to some adverse depressant effects of eszopiclone may develop, patients using 3 mg eszopiclone should be cautioned against driving or engaging in other hazardous activities or activities requiring complete mental alertness the day after use.
Additive effects occur with concomitant use of other CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol), including daytime use. Downward dose adjustment of eszopiclone and concomitant CNS depressants should be considered Additive effects occur with concomitant use of other CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol), including daytime use. Downward dose adjustment of eszopiclone and concomitant CNS depressants should be considered [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4)].
The use of eszopiclone with other sedative-hypnotics at bedtime or the middle of the night is not recommended.The use of eszopiclone with other sedative-hypnotics at bedtime or the middle of the night is not recommended.
The risk of next-day psychomotor impairment is increased if eszopiclone is taken with less than a full night of sleep remaining (7 to 8 hours); if higher than the recommended dose is taken; if coadministered with other CNS depressants; or coadministered with other drugs that increase the blood levels of eszopiclone The risk of next-day psychomotor impairment is increased if eszopiclone is taken with less than a full night of sleep remaining (7 to 8 hours); if higher than the recommended dose is taken; if coadministered with other CNS depressants; or coadministered with other drugs that increase the blood levels of eszopiclone [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3) and Clinical Studies ( 14.3)].
. Because eszopiclone can cause drowsiness and a decreased level of consciousness, patients, particularly the elderly, are at higher risk of falls.
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