Fenoprofen Calcium (Page 5 of 6)

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Absorption
Under fasting conditions, fenoprofen is rapidly absorbed, and peak plasma levels of 50 mcg/L are achieved within 2 hours after oral administration of 600 mg doses. Good dose proportionality was observed between 200 and 600 mg doses in fasting male volunteers.

Distribution
Fenoprofen is highly bound (99%) to albumin.

Elimination

Metabolism
The plasma half-life is approximately 3 hours.

Excretion
About 90% of a single oral dose is eliminated within 24 hours as fenoprofen glucuronide and 4′-hydroxyfenoprofen glucuronide, the major urinary metabolites of fenoprofen.

Specific Populations

Gertatrics
Peak plasma levels of fenoprofen in normal elderly volunteers were similar to those observed in normal young volunteers. Elderly volunteers had a mean plasma clearance of 2.2 L/hour while plasma clearance of fenoprofen in normal young volunteers ranged from 3 to 3.5 L/hour. The overall elimination rate constant, plasma half-life and ratio of renal to nonrenal clearance of fenoprofen was the same in elderly and young volunteers. The 30 to 60% decrease in plasma clearance is due to a decrease in the volume of distribution in the body.

Drug Interaction Studies
Aspirin: When NSAIDs were administered with aspirin, the protein binding of NSAIDs were reduced, although the clearance of free NSAID was not altered. The clinical significance of this interaction is not known. See Table 1 for clinically significant drug interactions of NSAIDs with aspirin [ see Drug Interactions ( 7) ].

Antacid: The concomitant administration of antacid (containing both aluminum and magnesium hydroxide) does not interfere with absorption of fenoprofen.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Carcinogenesis
Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of fenoprofen have not been conducted.

Mutagenesis
Studies to evaluate the genotoxic potential of fenoprofen have not been conducted.

Impairment of Fertility
Female and Male rats were treated with 60 to 70 mg/kg/day or 120 to 150 mg/kg/day fenoprofen calcium via the diet (approximately 0.2 or 0.4 times the maximum human daily dose of 3200 mg/day based on body surface area comparison, respectively). Male rats were treated from 77 days prior to mating and during mating. Female rats were treated from 14 days prior to mating and through gestation. Pregnancy rates were slightly reduced in the low and high dose groups compared to controls. There was no adverse effect on implantations, resorptions, or live fetuses.

14. CLINICAL STUDIES

FENOPROFEN CALCIUM is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic drug that also possesses analgesic and antipyretic activities. Its exact mode of action is unknown, but it is thought that prostaglandin synthetase inhibition is involved.

Results in humans demonstrate that fenoprofen has both anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions. The emergence and degree of erythemic response were measured in adult male volunteers exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. The effects of FENOPROFEN CALCIUM, aspirin, and indomethacin were each compared with those of a placebo. All 3 drugs demonstrated antierythemic activity.

In all patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the anti-inflammatory action of FENOPROFEN CALCIUM has been evidenced by relief of pain, increase in grip strength, and reductions in joint swelling, duration of morning stiffness, and disease activity (as assessed by both the investigator and the patient). The anti-inflammatory action of FENOPROFEN CALCIUM has also been evidenced by increased mobility (i.e., a decrease in the number of joints having limited motion).

The use of FENOPROFEN CALCIUM in combination with gold salts or corticosteroids has been studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The studies, however, were inadequate in demonstrating whether further improvement is obtained by adding FENOPROFEN CALCIUM to maintenance therapy with gold salts or steroids. Whether or not FENOPROFEN CALCIUM used in conjunction with partially effective doses of a corticosteroid has a “steroid-sparing” effect is unknown.

In patients with osteoarthritis, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of FENOPROFEN CALCIUM have been demonstrated by reduction in tenderness as a response to pressure and reductions in night pain, stiffness, swelling, and overall disease activity (as assessed by both the patient and the investigator). These effects have also been demonstrated by relief of pain with motion and at rest and increased range of motion in involved joints.

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, clinical studies have shown FENOPROFEN CALCIUM to be comparable to aspirin in controlling the aforementioned measures of disease activity, but mild gastrointestinal reactions (nausea, dyspepsia) and tinnitus occurred less frequently in patients treated with FENOPROFEN CALCIUM than in aspirin-treated patients. It is not known whether FENOPROFEN CALCIUM causes less peptic ulceration than does aspirin.

In patients with pain, the analgesic action of Fenoprofen calcium has produced a reduction in pain intensity, an increase in pain relief, improvement in total analgesia scores, and a sustained analgesic effect.

16. HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Fenoprofen calcium® (fenoprofen calcium, USP) are available in capsule form for oral administration, and are supplied as following:
● The 200 mg capsule has an opaque orange cap with an opaque white body imprinted with “RX681” and is 23mm long.

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Storage:
Store at room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Preserve in well-closed containers

17. PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide) that accompanies each prescription dispensed. Inform patients, families, or their caregivers of the following information before initiating therapy with FENOPROFEN CALCIUM and periodically during the course of ongoing therapy.

Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events

Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of cardiovascular thrombotic events, including chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, or slurring of speech, and to report any of these symptoms to their health care provider immediately [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1) ].

Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation
Advise patients to report symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis to their health care provider. In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, inform patients of the increased risk for and the signs and symptoms of GI bleeding [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2) ].

Hepatotoxicity
Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, pruritus, diarrhea, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and “flu-like” symptoms). If these occur, instruct patients to stop FENOPROFEN CALCIUM and seek immediate medical therapy [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3) ].

Heart Failure and Edema
Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of congestive heart failure including shortness of breath, unexplained weight gain, or edema and to contact their healthcare provider if such symptoms occur [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5) ].

Anaphylactic Reactions
Inform patients of the signs of an anaphylactic reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat). Instruct patients to seek immediate emergency help if these occur [ see Contraindications ( 4) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7) ].

Serious Skin Reactions
Advise patients to stop FENOPROFEN CALCIUM immediately if they develop any type of rash and to contact their healthcare provider as soon as possible [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9) ].

Female Fertility
Advise females of reproductive potential who desire pregnancy that NSAIDs, including FENOPROFEN CALCIUM, may be associated with a reversible delay in ovulation [ see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3) ]

Fetal Toxicity
Inform pregnant women to avoid use of FENOPROFEN CALCIUM and other NSAIDs starting at 30 weeks gestation because of the risk of the premature closing of the fetal ductus arteriosus [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1) ].

Avoid Concomitant Use of NSAIDs
Inform patients that the concomitant use of FENOPROFEN CALCIUM with other NSAIDs or salicylates (e.g., diflunisal, salsalate) is not recommended due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal toxicity, and little or no increase in efficacy [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2) and Drug Interactions ( 7) ]. Alert patients that NSAIDs may be present in “over the counter” medications for treatment of colds, fever, or insomnia.

Use of NSAIDS and Low-Dose AspirinInform patients not to use low-dose aspirin concomitantly with FENOPROFEN CALCIUM until they talk to their healthcare provider [ see Drug Interactions ( 7) ].

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