Fluvoxamine Maleate (Page 7 of 10)

7.3 Other Drugs

Alosetron

See Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.7), and LotronexTM (alosetron) package insert.

Digoxin

Administration of fluvoxamine maleate 100 mg daily for 18 days (N=8) did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of a 1.25 mg single intravenous dose of digoxin.

Diltiazem

Bradycardia has been reported with the coadministration of fluvoxamine maleate and diltiazem.

Mexiletine

See Warnings and Precautions (5.8).

Propranolol and Other Beta-Blockers

Coadministration of fluvoxamine maleate 100 mg per day and propranolol 160 mg per day in normal volunteers resulted in a mean five-fold increase (range 2 to 17) in minimum propranolol plasma concentrations. In this study, there was a slight potentiation of the propranolol-induced reduction in heart rate and reduction in the exercise diastolic pressure.

One case of bradycardia and hypotension and a second case of orthostatic hypotension have been reported with the coadministration of fluvoxamine maleate and metoprolol.

If propranolol or metoprolol is coadministered with fluvoxamine maleate tablets, a reduction in the initial beta-blocker dose and more cautious dose titration are recommended. No dosage adjustment is required for fluvoxamine maleate tablets.

Coadministration of fluvoxamine maleate 100 mg per day with atenolol 100 mg per day (N=6) did not affect the plasma concentrations of atenolol. Unlike propranolol and metoprolol which undergo hepatic metabolism, atenolol is eliminated primarily by renal excretion.

Theophylline

See Warnings and Precautions (5.8).

Warfarin and Other Drugs That Interfere With Hemostasis (NSAIDs, Aspirin, etc.)

See Warnings and Precautions (5.8, 5.10).

7.4 Effects of Smoking on Fluvoxamine Metabolism

Smokers had a 25% increase in the metabolism of fluvoxamine compared to nonsmokers.

7.5 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

There are no clinical studies establishing the benefits or risks of combined use of ECT and fluvoxamine maleate.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Exposure Registry

There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the National Pregnancy Registry for Antidepressants at 1-844-405-6185 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/antidepressants/.

Risk Summary

Prolonged experience with fluvoxamine in pregnant women over decades, based on published observational studies, have not identified a clear drug-associated risk of major birth defects or miscarriage (see Data). There are risks associated with untreated depression in pregnancy and risks of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and poor neonatal adaptation with exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including fluvoxamine, during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations).

When pregnant rats were treated orally with fluvoxamine throughout the period of organogenesis, increased embryofetal death and increased incidences of fetal eye abnormalities (folded retinas) was observed at doses ≥3 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 300 mg/day given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis. In addition, decreased fetal body weight was seen at a dose 6 times the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis. There were no adverse developmental effects in rabbits treated with fluvoxamine during the period of organogenesis up to a dose 2 times the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis. When fluvoxamine was administered orally to rats during pregnancy and lactation, increased pup mortality at birth was seen at a dose 2 times the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis. In addition, decreases in pup body weight and survival were observed at doses that are ≥0.13 times the MRHD given to adolescents (see Data).

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk

Women who discontinue antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to experience a relapse of major depression than women who continue antidepressants. This finding is from a prospective, longitudinal study that followed 201 pregnant women with a history of major depressive disorder who were euthymic and taking antidepressants at the beginning of pregnancy. Consider the risk of untreated depression when discontinuing or changing treatment with antidepressant medication during pregnancy and postpartum.

Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions

Neonates exposed to Fluvoxamine Maleate Tablets and other SSRIs or SNRIs late in the third trimester have developed complications requiring prolonged hospitalization, respiratory support, and tube feeding. Such complications can arise immediately upon delivery. Reported clinical findings have included respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, tremor, jitteriness, irritability, and constant crying. These features are consistent with either a direct toxic effect of SSRIs and SNRIs or, possibly, a drug discontinuation syndrome. It should be noted that, in some cases, the clinical picture is consistent with serotonin syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Data

Human Data

Exposure during late pregnancy to SSRIs may have an increased risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). PPHN occurs in 1-2 per 1000 live births in the general population and is associated with substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Animal Data

When pregnant rats were given oral doses of fluvoxamine (60, 120, or 240 mg/kg) throughout the period of organogenesis, developmental toxicity in the form of increased embryofetal death and increased incidences of fetal eye abnormalities (folded retinas) was observed at doses of 120 mg/kg or greater (3 times the MRHD of 300 mg/day, given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis). Decreased fetal body weight was seen at the high dose of 240 mg/kg/day (6 times the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis). The no effect dose for developmental toxicity in this study was 60 mg/kg/day (1.6 times the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis).

In a study in which pregnant rabbits were administered doses of up to 40 mg/kg (approximately 2.1 times the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis) during the period of organogenesis, no adverse effects on embryofetal development were observed. In other reproduction studies in which female rats were dosed orally during pregnancy and lactation (5, 20, 80, or 160 mg/kg), increased pup mortality at birth was seen at doses of 80 mg/kg/day (2 times the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis) or greater and decreases in pup body weight and survival were observed at all doses (low effect dose approximately 0.13 times the MRHD given to adolescents on a mg/m2 basis).

8.2 Lactation

Data from published literature report the presence of fluvoxamine is in human milk (see Data). No adverse effects on the breastfed infant have been reported in most cases of maternal use of fluvoxamine during breastfeeding. However, there are reports of diarrhea, vomiting, decreased sleep, and agitation (see Clinical Considerations). There are no data on the effect of fluvoxamine on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for fluvoxamine and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from fluvoxamine or from the underlying maternal condition.

Clinical Considerations

Monitor infants exposed to fluvoxamine through breast milk for diarrhea, vomiting, decreased sleep, and agitation.

Data

Milk drug concentrations ≤ 425 ng/mL were observed following maternal dosing of fluvoxamine 25 mg/day to 300 mg/day in published case reports and case series.

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