IBANDRONATE SODIUM (Page 2 of 6)

5.5 Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures

Atypical, low-energy, or low-trauma fractures of the femoral shaft have been reported in bisphosphonate-treated patients. These fractures can occur anywhere in the femoral shaft from just below the lesser trochanter to above the supracondylar flare and are transverse or short oblique in orientation without evidence of comminution. Causality has not been established as these fractures also occur in osteoporotic patients who have not been treated with bisphosphonates.

Atypical femur fractures most commonly occur with minimal or no trauma to the affected area. They may be bilateral and many patients report prodromal pain in the affected area, usually presenting as dull, aching thigh pain, weeks to months before a complete fracture occurs. A number of reports note that patients were also receiving treatment with glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone) at the time of fracture.

Any patient with a history of bisphosphonate exposure who presents with thigh or groin pain should be suspected of having an atypical fracture and should be evaluated to rule out an incomplete femur fracture. Patients presenting with an atypical fracture should also be assessed for symptoms and signs of fracture in the contralateral limb. Interruption of bisphosphonate therapy should be considered, pending a risk/benefit assessment, on an individual basis.

5.6 Severe Renal Impairment

Ibandronate sodium tablets are not recommended for use in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min).

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Treatment and Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Daily Dosing

The safety of ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg once daily in the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in 3577 patients aged 41 – 82 years. The duration of the trials was 2 to 3 years, with 1134 patients exposed to placebo and 1140 exposed to ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg. Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists were included in these clinical trials. All patients received 500 mg calcium plus 400 international units vitamin D supplementation daily.

The incidence of all-cause mortality was 1% in the placebo group and 1.2% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily group. The incidence of serious adverse reactions was 20% in the placebo group and 23% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse reactions was approximately 17% in both the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily group and the placebo group. Table 1 lists adverse reactions from the treatment and prevention studies reported in greater than or equal to 2% of patients and more frequently in patients treated daily with ibandronate sodium tablets than patients treated with placebo.

Table 1 Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence Greater Than or Equal to 2% and in More Patients Treated with Ibandronate Sodium Tablets Than in Patients Treated with Placebo Daily in the Osteoporosis Treatment and Prevention Studies

Body System Placebo % (n=1134) Ibandronate Sodium Tablets 2.5 mg % (n=1140)
Body as a Whole
Back Pain 12 14
Pain in Extremity 6 8
Asthenia 2 4
Allergic Reaction 2 3
Digestive System
Dyspepsia 10 12
Diarrhea 5 7
Tooth Disorder 2 4
Vomiting 2 3
Gastritis 2 2
Musculoskeletal System
Myalgia 5 6
Joint Disorder 3 4
Arthritis 3 3
Nervous System
Headache 6 7
Dizziness 3 4
Vertigo 3 3
Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Infection 33 34
Bronchitis 7 10
Pneumonia 4 6
Pharyngitis 2 3
Urogenital System
Urinary Tract Infection 4 6

Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions

The incidence of selected gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the placebo and ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily groups were: dyspepsia (10% vs. 12%), diarrhea (5% vs. 7%), and abdominal pain (5% vs. 6%).

Musculoskeletal Adverse Reactions

The incidence of selected musculoskeletal adverse reactions in the placebo and ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily groups were: back pain (12% vs. 14%), arthralgia (14% vs. 14%) and myalgia (5% vs. 6%).

Ocular Adverse Events

Reports in the medical literature indicate that bisphosphonates may be associated with ocular inflammation such as iritis and scleritis. In some cases, these events did not resolve until the bisphosphonate was discontinued. There were no reports of ocular inflammation in studies with ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily.

Monthly Dosing

The safety of ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg once monthly in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in a two year trial which enrolled 1583 patients aged 54 to 81 years, with 395 patients exposed to ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily and 396 exposed to ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg monthly. Patients with active or significant pre-existing gastrointestinal disease were excluded from this trial. Patients with dyspepsia or concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists were included in this study. All patients received 500 mg calcium plus 400 international units vitamin D supplementation daily.

After one year, the incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.3% in both the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily group and the ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg monthly group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 5% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily group and 7% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg monthly group. The percentage of patients who withdrew from treatment due to adverse events was 9% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily group and 8% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg monthly group. Table 2 lists the adverse events reported in greater than or equal to 2% of patients.

Table 2 Adverse Events with an Incidence of at Least 2% in Patients Treated with Ibandronate Sodium Tablets 2.5 mg Daily or 150 mg Once-Monthly for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Body System/Adverse Event Ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg Daily % (n=395) Ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg Monthly % (n=396)
Vascular Disorders
Hypertension 7.3 6.3
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Dyspepsia 7.1 5.6
Nausea 4.8 5.1
Diarrhea 4.1 5.1
Constipation 2.5 4.0
Abdominal Pain a 5.3 7.8
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Arthralgia 3.5 5.6
Back Pain 4.3 4.5
Pain in Extremity 1.3 4.0
Localized Osteoarthritis 1.3 3.0
Myalgia 0.8 2.0
Muscle Cramp 2.0 1.8
Infections and Infestations
Influenza 3.8 4.0
Nasopharyngitis 4.3 3.5
Bronchitis 3.5 2.5
Urinary Tract Infection 1.8 2.3
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 2.0 2.0
Nervous System Disorders
Headache 4.1 3.3
Dizziness 1.0 2.3
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Influenza-like Illness b 0.8 3.3
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Rash c 1.3 2.3
Psychiatric Disorders
Insomnia 0.8 2.0

a Combination of abdominal pain and abdominal pain upper

b Combination of influenza-like illness and acute phase reaction

c Combination of rash pruritic, rash macular, rash papular, rash generalized, rash erythematous, dermatitis, dermatitis allergic, dermatitis medicamentosa, erythema and exanthema

Gastrointestinal Adverse Events

The incidence of adverse events in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily and ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg monthly groups were: dyspepsia (7% vs. 6%), diarrhea (4% vs. 5%), and abdominal pain (5% vs. 8%).

Musculoskeletal Adverse Events

The incidence of adverse events in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily and ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg monthly groups were: back pain (4% vs. 5%), arthralgia (4% vs. 6%) and myalgia (1% vs. 2%).

Acute Phase Reactions

Symptoms consistent with acute phase reactions have been reported with bisphosphonate use. Over the two years of the study, the overall incidence of acute phase reaction symptoms was 3% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily group and 9% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg monthly group. These incidence rates are based on the reporting of any of 33 acute-phase reaction like symptoms within 3 days of the monthly dosing and lasting 7 days or less. Influenza like illness was reported in no patients in the ibandronate sodium tablets 2.5 mg daily group and 2% in the ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg monthly group.

Ocular Adverse Events

Two patients who received ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg once-monthly experienced ocular inflammation, one was a case of uveitis and the other scleritis.

One hundred sixty (160) postmenopausal women without osteoporosis participated in a 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ibandronate sodium tablets 150 mg once-monthly for prevention of bone loss. Seventy-seven subjects received ibandronate sodium tablets and 83 subjects received placebo. The overall pattern of adverse events was similar to that previously observed.

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