Imiquimod (Page 2 of 5)

6.2 Clinical Trials Experience: External Genital Warts

In two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, 602 subjects applied up to one packet of Imiquimod Cream or vehicle daily for up to 8 weeks.

The most frequently reported adverse reactions were application site reactions and local skin reactions. Selected adverse reactions are listed in Table 3.

Table 3: Selected Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥2% of Imiquimod-Treated Subjects and at a Greater Frequency than with Vehicle in the Combined Trials (EGW)
Preferred Term Imiquimod Cream, 3.75%(N=400) Vehicle Cream (N=202)
*
Percentage based on female population of 6/216 for Imiquimod Cream 3.75% and 2/106 for vehicle cream

Application site pain

28 (7%)

1 (<1%)

Application site irritation

24 (6%)

2 (1%)

Application site pruritus

11 (3%)

2 (1%)

Vaginitis bacterial *

6 (3%)

2 (2%)

Headache

6 (2%)

1 (<1%)

Local skin reactions were recorded as adverse reactions only if they extended beyond the treatment area, if they required any medical intervention, or they resulted in patient discontinuation from the study. The incidence and severity of selected local skin reactions are shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Selected Local Skin Reactions in the Treatment Area Assessed by the Investigator (EGW)
All Grades * (%) Severe (%) Imiquimod Cream, 3.75%(N=400) Vehicle Cream (N=202)
*
Mild, moderate, or severe

Erythema * Severe erythema

70%9%

27%<1%

Edema * Severe edema

41%2%

8%0%

Erosion/ulceration *

Severe erosion/ulceration

36%11%

4%<1%

Exudate * Severe exudate

34%2%

2%0%

The frequency and severity of local skin reactions were similar in both genders, with the following exceptions: a) flaking/scaling occurred in 40% of men and in 26% of women and b) scabbing/crusting occurred in 34% of men and in 18% of women.

In the clinical trials, 32% (126/400) of subjects who used Imiquimod Cream and 2% (4/202) of subjects who used vehicle cream discontinued treatment temporarily (required rest periods) due to adverse local skin reactions, and 1% (3/400) of subjects who used Imiquimod Cream discontinued treatment permanently due to local skin/application site reactions.

Other adverse reactions reported in subjects treated with Imiquimod Cream include: rash, back pain, application site rash, application site cellulitis, application site excoriation, application site bleeding, scrotal pain, scrotal erythema, scrotal ulcer, scrotal edema, sinusitis, nausea, pyrexia, and influenza-like symptoms.

6.3 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of imiquimod. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Application Site Disorders: tingling at the application site

Body as a Whole: angioedema

Cardiovascular: capillary leak syndrome, cardiac failure, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, arrhythmias (tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, palpitations), chest pain, ischemia, myocardial infarction, syncope

Endocrine: thyroiditis

Gastrointestinal System Disorders: abdominal pain

Hematological: decreases in red cell, white cell and platelet counts (including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura), lymphoma

Hepatic: abnormal liver function

Infections and Infestations: herpes simplex

Musculoskeletal System Disorders: arthralgia

Neuropsychiatric: agitation, cerebrovascular accident, convulsions (including febrile convulsions), depression, insomnia, multiple sclerosis aggravation, paresis, suicide

Respiratory: dyspnea

Urinary System Disorders: proteinuria, urinary retention, dysuria

Skin and Appendages: exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, hyperpigmentation, hypertrophic scar, hypopigmentation

Vascular: Henoch-Schonlein purpura syndrome

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C:

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Imiquimod Cream should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

The animal multiples of human exposure calculations were based on daily dose comparisons for the reproductive toxicology studies described in this section and in Section 13.1. The animal multiples of human exposure were based on weekly dose comparisons for the carcinogenicity studies described in Section 13.1. For the animal multiple of human exposure ratios presented in this section and Section 13.1, the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) was set at two packets (500 mg cream) per treatment of actinic keratosis with Imiquimod Cream (imiquimod 3.75%, 18.75 mg imiquimod) for BSA comparison. The maximum human AUC value obtained in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts was higher than that obtained in the treatment of actinic keratosis and was used in the calculation of animal multiples of MRHD that were based on AUC comparison.

Systemic embryofetal development studies were conducted in rats and rabbits. Oral doses of 1, 5, and 20 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-15) to pregnant female rats. In the presence of maternal toxicity, fetal effects noted at 20 mg/kg/day (163X MRHD based on AUC comparisons) included increased resorptions, decreased fetal body weights, delays in skeletal ossification, bent limb bones, and two fetuses in one litter (2 of 1567 fetuses) demonstrated exencephaly, protruding tongues, and low-set ears. No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at 5 mg/kg/day (28X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).

Intravenous doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-18) to pregnant female rabbits. No treatment related effects on embryofetal toxicity or teratogenicity were noted at 2 mg/kg/day (2.1X MRHD based on BSA comparisons), the highest dose evaluated in this study, or 1 mg/kg/day (115X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).

A combined fertility and peri- and postnatal development study was conducted in rats. Oral doses of 1, 1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day imiquimod were administered to male rats from 70 days prior to mating through the mating period and to female rats from 14 days prior to mating through parturition and lactation. No effects on growth, fertility, reproduction, or postnatal development were noted at doses up to 6 mg/kg/day (25X MRHD based on AUC comparisons), the highest dose evaluated in this study. In the absence of maternal toxicity, bent limb bones were noted in the F1 fetuses at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day (25X MRHD based on AUC comparisons). This fetal effect was also noted in the oral rat embryofetal development study conducted with imiquimod. No treatment related effects on teratogenicity were noted at 3 mg/kg/day (12X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).

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