Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Page 3 of 7)
Women’s Health Initiative Studies
The WHI enrolled approximately 27,000 predominantly healthy postmenopausal women in two substudies to assess the risks and benefits of daily oral CE (0.625 mg)-alone or in combination with MPA (2.5 mg) compared to placebo in the prevention of certain chronic diseases. The primary endpoint was the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) (defined as nonfatal MI, silent MI and CHD death), with invasive breast cancer as the primary adverse outcome. A “global index” included the earliest occurrence of CHD, invasive breast cancer, stroke, PE, endometrial cancer (only in the CE plus MPA substudy), colorectal cancer, hip fracture, or death due to other cause. These substudies did not evaluate the effects of CE-alone or CE plus MPA on menopausal symptoms.
WHI Estrogen Plus Progestin Substudy
The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy was stopped early. According to the predefined stopping rule, after an average follow-up of 5.6 years of treatment, the increased risk of invasive breast cancer and cardiovascular events exceeded the specified benefits included in the “global index.” The absolute excess risk of events included in the “global index” was 19 per 10,000 women-years.
For those outcomes included in the WHI “global index” that reached statistical significance after 5.6 years of follow-up, the absolute excess risks per 10,000 women-years in the group treated with CE plus MPA were 7 more CHD events, 8 more strokes, 10 more PEs, and 8 more invasive breast cancers, while the absolute risk reduction per 10,000 women-years were 6 fewer colorectal cancers and 5 fewer hip fractures.
Results of the CE plus MPA substudy which included 16,608 women (average 63 years of age, range 50 to 79; 83.9 percent White, 6.8 percent Black, 5.4 percent Hispanic, 3.9 percent Other) are presented in Table 4. These results reflect centrally adjudicated data after an average follow-up of 5.6 years.
| |||
| Event | Relative Risk CE/MPA vs placebo (95% nCI ‡) | CE/MPA n = 8,506 | Placebo n = 8,102 |
| Absolute Risk per 10,000 Women-Years | |||
| CHD events
| 1.23 (0.99 to 1.53) 1.28 (1 to 1.63) 1.10 (0.70 to 1.75) | 41 31 8 | 34 25 8 |
| All strokes | 1.31 (1.03 to 1.68) | 33 | 25 |
| Ischemic stroke | 1.44 (1.09 to 1.90) | 26 | 18 |
| Deep vein thrombosis § | 1.95 (1.43 to 2.67) | 26 | 13 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 2.13 (1.45 to 3.11) | 18 | 8 |
| Invasive breast cancer ¶ | 1.24 (1.01 to 1.54) | 41 | 33 |
| Colorectal cancer | 0.61 (0.42 to 0.87) | 10 | 16 |
| Endometrial cancer § | 0.81 (0.48 to 1.36) | 6 | 7 |
| Cervical Cancer § | 1.44 (0.47 to 4.42) | 2 | 1 |
| Hip fracture | 0.67 (0.47 to 0.96) | 11 | 16 |
| Vertebral fractures § | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.92) | 11 | 17 |
| Lower arm/wrist fractures § | 0.71 (0.59 to 0.85) | 44 | 62 |
| Total fractures § | 0.76 (0.69 to 0.83) | 152 | 199 |
| Overall mortality # | 1 (0.83 to 1.19) | 52 | 52 |
| Global Index Þ | 1.13 (1.02 to 1.25) | 184 | 165 |
Timing of the initiation of estrogen plus progestin therapy relative to the start of menopause may affect the overall risk benefit profile. The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy stratified by age showed in women 50 to 59 years of age a nonsignificant trend toward reduced risk in overall mortality [hazard ration (HR) 0.69 (95 percent CI, 0.44 to 1.07)].
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