Metaxalone

METAXALONE- metaxalone tablet
Unit Dose Services

Rx Only

DESCRIPTION

Metaxalone Tablets, USP are available as an 800 mg capsule-shaped, scored white to off-white tablet.

Chemically, metaxalone is 5-[(3,5-dimethylphenoxy) methyl]-2-oxazolidinone. The molecular formula is C12 H15 NO3 , which corresponds to a molecular weight of 221.25. The structural formula is:

new
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Metaxalone, USP is a white to almost white, odorless crystalline powder freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in methanol and in 96% ethanol, but practically insoluble in ether or water.

Each tablet contains 800 mg metaxalone, USP and the following inactive ingredients: alginic acid, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, corn starch, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized starch (starch 1500 partially pregelatinized maize starch).

USP Dissolution Test Pending.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of metaxalone in humans has not been established, but may be due to general central nervous system (CNS) depression. Metaxalone has no direct action on the contractile mechanism of striated muscle, the motor end plate, or the nerve fiber.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of metaxalone have been evaluated in healthy adult volunteers after single dose administration of metaxalone under fasted and fed conditions at doses ranging from 400 mg to 800 mg.

Absorption

Peak plasma concentrations of metaxalone occur approximately 3 hours after a 400 mg oral dose under fasted conditions. Thereafter, metaxalone concentrations decline log-linearly with a terminal half-life of 9.0 ± 4.8 hours. Doubling the dose of metaxalone from 400 mg to 800 mg results in a roughly proportional increase in metaxalone exposure as indicated by peak plasma concentrations (Cmax ) and area under the curve (AUC). Dose proportionality at doses above 800 mg has not been studied. The absolute bioavailability of metaxalone is not known.

The single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters of metaxalone in two groups of healthy volunteers are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Mean (%CV) Metaxalone Pharmacokinetic Parameters
Dose (mg) Cmax (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC (ng•h/mL) (h) CL/F (L/h)
4001 983 (53) 3.3 (35) 7479 (51) 9.0 (53) 68 (50)
8002 1816 (43) 3.0 (39) 15044 (46) 8.0 (58) 66 (51)
1 Subjects received 1×400 mg tablet under fasted conditions (N=42)2 Subjects received 2×400 mg tablets under fasted conditions (N=59)

Food Effects

A randomized, two-way, crossover study was conducted in 42 healthy volunteers (31 males, 11 females) administered one 400 mg metaxalone tablet under fasted conditions and following a standard high-fat breakfast. Subjects ranged in age from 18 to 48 years (mean age = 23.5 ± 5.7 years). Compared to fasted conditions, the presence of a high fat meal at the time of drug administration increased Cmax by 177.5% and increased AUC (AUC0-t , AUC ) by 123.5% and 115.4%, respectively. Time-to-peak concentration (Tmax ) was also delayed (4.3 h versus 3.3 h) and terminal half-life was decreased (2.4 h versus 9.0 h) under fed conditions compared to fasted.

In a second food effect study of similar design, two 400 mg metaxalone tablets (800 mg) were administered to healthy volunteers (N=59, 37 males, 22 females), ranging in age from 18 to 50 years (mean age = 25.6± 8.7 years). Compared to fasted conditions, the presence of a high fat meal at the time of drug administration increased Cmax by 193.6% and increased AUC (AUC0-t , AUC ) by 146.4% and 142.2%, respectively. Time-to-peak concentration (Tmax ) was also delayed (4.9 h versus 3.0 h) and terminal half-life was decreased (4.2 h versus 8.0 h) under fed conditions compared to fasted conditions. Similar food effect results were observed in the above study when one metaxalone 800 mg tablet was administered in place of two metaxalone 400 mg tablets. The increase in metaxalone exposure coinciding with a reduction in half-life may be attributed to more complete absorption of metaxalone in the presence of a high fat meal (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Mean (SD) Concentrations of Metaxalone following an 800 mg Dose under fasted and Fed Conditions
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Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Although plasma protein binding and absolute bioavailability of metaxalone are not known, the apparent volume of distribution (V/F ~ 800 L) and lipophilicity (log P = 2.42) of metaxalone suggest that the drug is extensively distributed in the tissues. Metaxalone is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine as unidentified metabolites. Hepatic Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a role in the metabolism of metaxalone. Specifically, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 appear to metabolize metaxalone.

Metaxalone does not significantly inhibit major CYP enzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4. Metaxalone does not significantly induce major CYP enzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 in vitro.

Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations

Age:

The effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of metaxalone were determined following single administration of two 400 mg tablets (800 mg) under fasted and fed conditions. The results were analyzed separately, as well as in combination with the results from three other studies. Using the combined data, the results indicate that the pharmacokinetics of metaxalone are significantly more affected by age under fasted conditions than under fed conditions, with bioavailability under fasted conditions increasing with age.

The bioavailability of metaxalone under fasted and fed conditions in three groups of healthy volunteers of varying age is shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Mean (%CV) Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following Single Administration of Two 400 mg Metaxalone Tablets (800 mg) under Fasted and Fed Conditions
Younger Volunteers Older Volunteers
Age (years) 25.6 ± 8.7 39.3 ± 10.8 71.5 ± 5.0
N 59 21 23
Food Fasted Fed Fasted Fed Fasted Fed
C max (ng/mL) 1816(43) 3510(41) 2719(46) 2915(55) 3168(43) 3680(59)
T max (h) 3.0(39) 4.9(48) 3.0(40) 8.7(91) 2.6(30) 6.5(67)
AUC 0-t (ng·h/mL) 14531(47) 20683(41) 19836(40) 20482(37) 23797(45) 24340(48)
AUC ∞ (ng·h/mL) 15045(46) 20833(41) 20490(39) 20815(37) 24194(44) 24704(47)
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