Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (Page 2 of 5)
5.7 Long-Term Suppression of Growth
CNS stimulants have been associated with weight loss and slowing of growth rate in pediatric patients.
Careful follow-up of weight and height in pediatric patients ages 7 to 10 years who were randomized to either methylphenidate or non-medication treatment groups over 14 months, as well as in naturalistic subgroups of newly methylphenidate-treated and non-medication treated patients over 36 months (to the ages of 10 to 13 years), suggests that pediatric patients who received methylphenidate for 7 days per week throughout the year had a temporary slowing in growth rate (on average, a total of about 2 cm less growth in height and 2.7 kg less growth in weight over 3 years), without evidence of growth rebound during this development period.
Closely monitor growth (weight and height) in methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets-treated pediatric patients. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining height or weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted.
5.8 Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
There have been reports of angle closure glaucoma associated with methylphenidate treatment.
Although the mechanism is not clear, methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets-treated patients considered at risk for acute angle closure glaucoma (e.g., patients with significant hyperopia) should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist.
5.9 Increased Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma
There have been reports of an elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with methylphenidate treatment [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Prescribe methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets and methylphenidate hydrochloride sustained-release tablets to patients with open-angle glaucoma or abnormally increased IOP only if the benefit of treatment is considered to outweigh the risk. Closely monitor methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets-treated patients with a history of abnormally increased IOP or open angle glaucoma.
5.10 Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome
CNS stimulants, including methylphenidate, have been associated with the onset or exacerbation of motor and verbal tics. Worsening of Tourette’s syndrome has also been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6)].
Before initiating methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets, assess the family history and clinically evaluate patients for tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Regularly monitor methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets-treated patients for the emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome, and discontinue treatment if clinically appropriate.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling:
- Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2,9.3) ]
- Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or other ingredients of methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets [see Contraindications (4)]
- Hypertensive crisis with Concomitant Use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors [see Contraindications (4), Drug Interactions (7.1)]
- Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
- Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
- Psychiatric Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
- Priapism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
- Peripheral Vasculopathy, Including Raynaud’s Phenomenon [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
- Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
- Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
- Increased Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]
- Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
The following adverse reactions associated with the use of methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets, and other methylphenidate products were identified in clinical trials, spontaneous reports, and literature. Because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency reliably or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Adverse Reactions Reported with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets
Infections and Infestations: nasopharyngitis
Blood and the Lymphatic System Disorders: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema, and anaphylaxis
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: decreased appetite, reduced weight gain, and suppression of growth during prolonged use in pediatric patients
Psychiatric Disorders: insomnia, anxiety, restlessness, agitation, psychosis (sometimes with visual and tactile hallucinations), depressed mood, depression
Nervous System Disorders: headache, dizziness, tremor, dyskinesia, including choreoatheetoid movements, drowsiness, convulsions, cerebrovascular disorders (including vasculitis, cerebral hemorrhages and cerebrovascular accidents), serotonin syndrome in combination with serotonergic drugs
Eye Disorders: blurred vision, difficulties in visual accommodation
Cardiac Disorders: tachycardia, palpitations, increased blood pressure, arrhythmias, angina pectoris
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: cough
Gastrointestinal Disorders: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia
Hepatobiliary Disorders: abnormal liver function, ranging from transaminase elevation to severe hepatic injury
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: hyperhidrosis, pruritus, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, scalp hair loss, erythema multiforme rash, thrombocytopenic purpura
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: arthralgia, muscle cramps, rhabdomyolysis, trismus
Investigations: weight loss (adult ADHD patients)
Additional Adverse Reactions Reported with Other Methylphenidate-Containing Products
The list below shows adverse reactions not listed for methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets that have been reported with other methylphenidate-containing products.
Blood and Lymphatic Disorders: pancytopenia
Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity reactions, such as auricular swelling, bullous conditions, eruptions, exanthemas
Psychiatric Disorders: affect lability, mania, disorientation, and libido changes
Nervous System Disorders: migraine, motor and verbal tics
Eye Disorders: diplopia, increased intraocular pressure, mydriasis
Cardiac Disorders: sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, bradycardia, extrasystole
Vascular Disorders: peripheral coldness, Raynaud’s phenomenon
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: pharyngolaryngeal pain, dyspnea
Gastrointestinal Disorders: diarrhea, constipation
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: angioneurotic edema, erythema, fixed drug eruption
Musculoskeletal, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders: myalgia, muscle twitching
Renal and Urinary Disorders: hematuria
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: gynecomastia
General Disorders: fatigue, hyperpyrexia
Urogenital Disorders: priapism
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets
Table 1 presents clinically important drug interactions with methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets
Table 1: Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) | |
Clinical Impact | Concomitant use of MAOIs and CNS stimulants, including methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets can cause hypertensive crisis. Potential outcomes include death, stroke, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, ophthalmological complications, eclampsia, pulmonary edema, and renal failure [ see Contraindications (4)] . |
Intervention | Concomitant use of methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets with MAOIs or within 14 days after discontinuing MAOI treatment is contraindicated. |
Antihypertensive Drugs | |
Clinical Impact | Methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets may decrease the effectiveness of drugs used to treat hypertension [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . |
Intervention | Monitor blood pressure and adjust the dosage of the antihypertensive drug as needed. |
Halogenated Anesthetics | |
Clinical Impact | Concomitant use of halogenated anesthetics and methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets may increase the risk of sudden blood pressure and heart rate increase during surgery. |
Intervention | Avoid use of methylphenidate hydrochloride tablets in patients being treated with anesthetics on the day of surgery. |
Risperidone | |
Clinical Impact | Combined use of methylphenidate with risperidone when there is a change, whether an increase or decrease, in dosage of either or both medications, may increase the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) |
Intervention | Monitor for signs of EPS |
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