Minocin

MINOCIN- minocycline hydrochloride injection
Melinta Therapeutics, LLC

Rx Only

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of MINOCIN® (minocycline) for Injection and other antibacterial drugs, MINOCIN® (minocycline) for injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.

DESCRIPTION

MINOCIN (minocycline) for Injection, is a sterile formulation of a semisynthetic derivative of tetracycline. The chemical name of minocycline is 4,7-Bis(dimethylamino)- 1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a- tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2- naphthacenecarboxamide monohydrochloride.

Its structural formula is:

Chemical Structure
(click image for full-size original)
C23 H27 N3 O7 ∙HCl M.W. 493.94

MINOCIN is supplied as a sterile yellow to amber lyophilized powder for intravenous infusion. Each vial contains minocycline HCl equivalent to 100 mg minocycline, 269 mg magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (2.2 mEq of magnesium) (an inactive ingredient) and sodium hydroxide (to adjust pH). When reconstituted with 5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection USP the pH ranges from 4.5 to 5.0.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Following a single dose of Minocin 200 mg administered intravenously to 10 healthy male subjects, serum concentrations of minocycline ranged from 2.52 to 6.63 mcg/mL (average 4.18 mcg/mL) at the end of infusion and 0.82 to 2.64 mcg/mL (average 1.38 mcg/mL) after 12 hours. In a group of 5 healthy male subjects, serum concentrations of minocycline ranged from 1.4 to1.8 mcg/mL at the end of the dosing interval following administration of Minocin 100 mg every 12 hours for three days. When Minocin 200 mg once daily was administered for three days, serum concentrations of minocycline were approximately 1 mcg/mL at 24 hours. The serum elimination half-life of minocycline following administration of either Minocin 100 mg every 12 hours or 200 mg once daily was not significantly different and ranged from 15 to 23 hours. The serum elimination half-life of minocycline ranged from 11 to 16 hours in subjects with hepatic impairment (n=7) and 18 to 69 hours in subjects with renal impairment (n=5). In comparison, the serum elimination half-life of minocycline ranged from 11 to 17 hours following a single dose of oral minocycline 200 mg in healthy subjects (n=12).

Microbiology

Mechanism of Action

The tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and are thought to exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis. The tetracyclines, including minocycline, have a similar antimicrobial spectrum of activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cross-resistance of these bacteria to tetracyclines is common.

List of Microorganisms

Minocycline has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section:

Gram-positive Bacteria
Bacillus anthracis
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram-negative Bacteria
Bartonella bacilliformis
Brucella species
Klebsiella granulomatis
Campylobacter fetus
Francisella tularensis
Vibrio cholerae
Yersinia pestis
Acinetobacter species
Enterobacter aerogenes
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Klebsiella species
Neisseria meningitidis
Shigella species

Other Microorganisms
Actinomyces species
Borrelia recurrentis
Chlamydophila psittaci
Chlamydia trachomatis
Clostridium species
Entamoeba species
Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies fusiforme
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Propionibacterium acnes
Rickettsiae
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue
Ureaplasma urealyticum

Susceptibility Test Methods

For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see: https://www.fda.gov/STIC.

Minocin Indications and Usage

MINOCIN® Intravenous is indicated in the treatment of the following infections due to susceptible isolates of the designated bacteria:

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsialpox and tick fevers caused by rickettsiae.
Respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Psittacosis (Ornithosis) due to Chlamydophila psittaci.
Trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis , although the infectious agent is not always eliminated, as judged by immunofluorescence.
Inclusion conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
Nongonococcal urethritis, endocervical, or rectal infections in adults caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum or Chlamydia trachomatis.
Relapsing fever due to Borrelia recurrentis.
Plague due to Yersinia pestis.
Tularemia due to Francisella tularensis.
Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Campylobacter fetus infections caused by Campylobacter fetus.
Brucellosis due to Brucella species (in conjunction with streptomycin).
Bartonellosis due to Bartonella bacilliformis.
Granuloma inguinale caused by Klebsiella granulomatis.

Minocycline is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by the following Gramnegative bacteria when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug:

Escherichia coli.
Enterobacter aerogenes.
Shigella species.
Acinetobacter species.
Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae.
Respiratory tract and urinary tract infections caused by Klebsiella species.

MINOCIN® Intravenous is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by the following Gram-positive bacteria when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug:

Upper respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (Note: Minocycline is not the drug of choice in the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infection.)

When penicillin is contraindicated, minocycline is an alternative drug in the treatment of the following infections:

Meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis.
Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.
Yaws caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue.
Listeriosis due to Listeria monocytogenes.
Anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis.
Vincent’s infection caused by Fusobacterium fusiforme.
Actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii.
Infections caused by Clostridium species.

In acute intestinal amebiasis , minocycline may be a useful adjunct to amebicides.

In severe acne , minocycline may be useful adjunctive therapy.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of MINOCIN® (minocycline) for Injection and other antibacterial drugs, MINOCIN® (minocycline) for Injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

This drug is contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines or to any of the components of the product formulation.

WARNINGS

Tooth Development

MINOCIN, like other tetracycline-class antibacterials, can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If any tetracycline is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking these drugs, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. The use of drugs of the tetracycline class during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy, and childhood to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown).

This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drugs but has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. Tetracycline drugs, therefore, should not be used during tooth development unless other drugs are not likely to be effective or are contraindicated.

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