Nabi-HB

NABI-HB- human hepatitis b virus immune globulin liquid
ADMA Biologics, Inc.

DESCRIPTION

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human), Nabi-HB, is a sterile solution of immunoglobulin (5 ± 1% protein) containing antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). It is prepared from plasma donated by individuals with high titers of anti-HBs. The plasma is processed using a modified Cohn 6 / Oncley 9 cold-alcohol fractionation process 1,2 with two added viral reduction steps described below. Nabi-HB is formulated in 0.042-0.108 M sodium chloride, 0.10-0.20 M glycine, and 0.005-0.050% polysorbate 80, at pH 5.8-6.5. The product is supplied as a nonturbid sterile liquid in single dose vials and appears as clear to opalescent. It contains no preservative and is intended for single use by the intramuscular route only.

Each plasma donation used for the manufacture of Nabi-HB is tested for the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) 1/2, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. In addition, pooled samples of Source Plasma used in the manufacture of this product are tested by FDA licensed Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) for HIV and HCV and found to be negative. Investigational NAT for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and HBV is also performed on pooled samples of all Source Plasma used, and found to be negative; however, the significance of a negative result has not been established. Investigational NAT for parvovirus B19 (B19) is also performed on pooled samples of all Source Plasma and the limit for B19 DNA in a manufacturing pool is set not to exceed 10 4 IU/mL.

The manufacturing steps for Nabi-HB are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of viral disease. The solvent/detergent treatment step, using tri- n -butyl phosphate and Triton ® X-100, is effective in inactivating known enveloped viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 3. Virus filtration, using a Planova ® 35 nm Virus Filter, is effective in reducing some known enveloped and non-enveloped viruses 4. The inactivation and reduction of known enveloped and non-enveloped model viruses were validated in laboratory studies as summarized in the following table:

Table 1 Log Reduction of Test Viruses 5
BVD = Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus EMC = Encephalomyocarditis Virus HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus PVB19 = Parvovirus B19 PPV = Porcine Parvovirus PRV = Pseudorabies Virus NT = not tested * Value not included in cumulative clearance
Test Virus

HIV

BVD

PRV

EMC

PPV

Model Virus: HIV HCV HBV Hepatitis A PVB19
Envelope/Genome: yes/RNA yes/RNA yes/DNA no/RNA no/DNA
Manufacturing Step

Precipitation of Cohn

Fraction III

>5.9 3.6 3.7 4.4 3.9
Cuno Filtration NT NT NT >6.6 5.4
Solvent/Detergent >4.2 >6.9 >6.4 NT NT
Nanofiltration >7.4 >6.9 >5.7 3.0 0.7 *
Cumulative >17.5 >17.4 >15.8 >14.0 9.3

Product potency is expressed in international units (IU) by comparison to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. Each milliliter (mL) of product contains greater than 312 IU anti-HBs. The potency of each milliliter of Nabi-HB exceeds the potency of anti-HBs in a U.S. reference hepatitis B immune globulin (FDA). The U.S. reference has been tested by Biotest Pharmaceuticals against the WHO standard and found to be equal to 208 IU/mL.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) products provide passive immunization for individuals exposed to the hepatitis B virus as evidenced by a reduction in the attack rate of hepatitis B following use 6-9.

Clinical studies 10,11 conducted prior to 1983 with hepatitis B immune globulins similar to Nabi-HB indicate the advantage of simultaneous administration of hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) advises that the combination prophylaxis be provided in certain instances of exposure based upon the increased efficacy found with that regimen in neonates 12. Cases of hepatitis B are rarely seen following exposure to HBV in persons with preexisting anti-HBs. However, no prospective studies have been performed on the efficacy of concurrent hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) administration following parenteral exposure, mucous membrane contact, or oral ingestion in adults.


Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers are at risk of being infected with HBV and becoming chronic carriers 13. The risk is especially great if the mother is also HBeAg-positive 14. Studies conducted with hepatitis B immune globulins similar to Nabi-HB indicated that for an infant with perinatal exposure to an HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive mother, a regimen combining one dose of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) at birth with the hepatitis B vaccine series started soon after birth is 85-98% effective in preventing development of the HBV carrier state 15-17. Regimens involving either multiple doses of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) alone or the vaccine series alone have a 70-90% efficacy, while a single dose of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) alone has 50% efficacy 18.

Since infants have close contact with primary caregivers and they have a higher risk of becoming HBV carriers after acute HBV infection, prophylaxis of an infant less than 12 months of age with Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) and hepatitis B vaccine is indicated if the mother or primary caregiver has acute HBV infection 19.

Sexual partners of HBsAg-positive persons are at increased risk of acquiring HBV infection. A single dose of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) is 75% effective if administered within two weeks of the last sexual exposure to a person with acute hepatitis B 19.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics trials 20 of Nabi-HB, Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human), given intramuscularly to 50 healthy volunteers demonstrated pharmacokinetic parameters similar to those reported by Scheiermann and Kuwert 21. The half-life for Nabi-HB was 23.1 ± 5.5 days. The clearance rate was 0.35 ± 0.12 L/day and the volume of distribution was 11.2 ± 3.4 L.


Maximum concentration of Nabi-HB was reached in 6.5 ± 4.3 days. The maximum concentration of anti-HBs and the area under the time-concentration curve achieved by Nabi-HB were bioequivalent to that of another licensed Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) when compared in the same pharmacokinetics trial. Comparability of pharmacokinetics between Nabi-HB and a commercially available hepatitis B immunoglobulin indicate that similar efficacy of Nabi-HB should be inferred.

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