Nortrel 28 Day

NORTREL 28 DAY- norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol
A-S Medication Solutions

Patients should be counseled that this product does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases.

COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Each of the following products is a combination oral contraceptive containing the progestational compound norethindrone and the estrogenic compound ethinyl estradiol:

Nortrel^® 1/35 Tablets:

Each yellow tablet contains 1 mg of norethindrone, USP and 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol, USP, and the inactive ingredients include D&C yellow no. 10 aluminum lake, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch. Each white tablet in the 1/35 package contains only inert ingredients as follows: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, and pregelatinized corn starch.

Nortrel^® 0.5/35 Tablets:

Each light yellow tablet contains 0.5 mg of norethindrone, USP and 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol, USP, and the inactive ingredients include D&C yellow no. 10 aluminum lake, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch. Each white tablet in the 0.5/35 package contains only inert ingredients as follows: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, and pregelatinized corn starch.

The chemical name for norethindrone, USP is 17-Hydroxy-19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, for ethinyl estradiol, USP is 19-Nor-17α-pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol.

The structural formulas are as follows:

Norethindrone, USP

C₂₀ H₂₆ O₂ M.W. 298.42

Ethinyl Estradiol, USP

(click image for full-size original)

C₂₀ H₂₄ O₂ M.W. 296.40

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Combined Oral Contraceptives

Combined oral contraceptives act by suppression of gonadotropins. Although the primary mechanism of this action is inhibition of ovulation, other alterations include changes in the cervical mucus (which increase the difficulty of sperm entry into the uterus) and the endometrium (which reduce the likelihood of implantation).

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Nortrel 1/35 and Nortrel 0.5/35 Tablets are indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use this product as a method of contraception.

Oral contraceptives are highly effective. Table 1 lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for users of combined oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. The efficacy of these contraceptive methods, except sterilization, the IUD, and the NORPLANT^® System depends upon the reliability with which they are used. Correct and consistent use of methods can result in lower failure rates.

Table 1: Percentage of Women Experiencing an Unintended Pregnancy During the First Year of Typical Use and the First Year of Perfect Use of Contraception and the Percentage Continuing Use at the End of the First Year. United States.

* Among couples attempting to avoid pregnancy, the percentage who continue to use a method for one year. † Among typical couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason. ‡ Among couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time) and who use it perfectly (both consistently and correctly), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason. § The percents becoming pregnant in columns (2) and (3) are based on data from populations where contraception is not used and from women who cease using contraception in order to become pregnant. Among such populations, about 89% become pregnant within one year. This estimate was lowered slightly (to 85%) to represent the percent who would become pregnant within one year among women now relying on reversible methods of contraception if they abandoned contraception altogether. ¶ Foams, creams, gels, vaginal suppositories, and vaginal film. # Cervical mucus (ovulation) method supplemented by calendar in the pre-ovulatory and basal body temperature in the post-ovulatory phases. Þ With spermicidal cream or jelly. ß Without spermicides à The treatment schedule is one dose within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, and a second dose 12 hours after the first dose. The Food and Drug Administration has declared the following brands of oral contraceptives to be safe and effective for emergency contraception: Ovral® (1 dose is 2 white pills), Alesse® (1 dose is 5 pink pills), Nordette® or Levlen® (1 dose is 2 light-orange pills), Lo/Ovral® (1 dose is 4 white pills), Triphasil® or Tri-Levlen® (1 dose is 4 yellow pills). è However, to maintain effective protection against pregnancy, another method of contraception must be used as soon as menstruation resumes, the frequency or duration of breastfeeds is reduced, bottle feeds are introduced, or the baby reaches six months of age.
	% of Women Experiencing an Unintended Pregnancy within the First Year of Use		% of Women Continuing Use at One Year *
Method (1)	Typical Use † (2)	Perfect Use ‡ (3)	(4)
Chance §	85	85
Spermicides ¶	26	6	40
Periodic abstinence	25		63
Calendar		9
Ovulation Method		3
Sympto-Thermal #		2
Post-Ovulation		1
Cap Þ
Parous Women	40	26	42
Nulliparous Women	20	9	56
Sponge
Parous Women	40	20	42
Nulliparous Women	20	9	56
Diaphragm Þ	20	6	56
Withdrawal	19	4
Condom ß
Female (Reality®)	21	5	56
Male	14	3	61
Pill	5		71
Progestin Only		0.5
Combined		0.1
IUD
Progesterone T	2.0	1.5	81
Copper T380A	0.8	0.6	78
LNg 20	0.1	0.1	81
Depo-Provera®	0.3	0.3	70
Norplant® and Norplant-2®	0.05	0.05	88
Female Sterilization	0.5	0.5	100
Male Sterilization	0.15	0.10	100
Adapted from Hatcher et al., 1998 Ref. #1. Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Treatment initiated within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse reduces the risk of pregnancy by at least 75%.à Lactational Amenorrhea Method: LAM is highly effective, temporary method of contraception.è Source: Trussell J, Contraceptive efficacy. In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Stewart F, Cates W, Stewart GK, Kowal D, Guest F, Contraceptive Technology: Seventeenth Revised Edition. New York NY: Irvington Publishers, 1998.

Nortrel 0.5/35 and 1/35 have not been studied for and are not indicated for use in emergency contraception.