NUZYRA (Page 4 of 7)

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

NUZYRA is an antibacterial drug [see Microbiology (12.4)]

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Based on the nonclinical and clinical data, including electrocardiogram evaluation in the phase 3 clinical trials, one of which had moxifloxacin as a control group, no clinically relevant QTc prolongation was observed at the maximum recommended dose of omadacycline.

Cardiac Physiology-Increase in Heart Rate

In phase 1 studies conducted in healthy volunteers, reversible dose-dependent increases in heart rate have been observed following administration of single and multiple doses of omadacycline. The clinical implication of this finding is unknown [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In a standard radiolabeled ligand binding assays, omadacycline was shown to inhibit binding of H-scopolamine to the M2 subtype of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. In the heart, muscarinic M2 receptors serve as mediators of the parasympathetic input that normally is received via the vagus nerve and stimulation of the receptor increases membrane potassium conductance through the acetylcholine-dependent channel, which slows depolarization and reduces pacemaker activity in the sinoatrial node.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic parameters of NUZYRA after single and multiple oral and intravenous doses are summarized in Table 6.

Table 6: Mean (SD) Pharmacokinetic Parameters of NUZYRA in Healthy Adult Subjects
Dose and Route of Administration 100 mg IV 300 mg Oral 450 mg Oral
Cmax = maximum plasma concentration, AUC = area under concentration-time curve, IV = intravenous, ND = not determined, Tmax = time to Cmax
*
All PK parameters presented as mean (standard deviation), Number of Subjects, unless otherwise specified
Presented as AUC (0-inf)
Presented as AUC (0-24)
§
Presented as apparent clearance or volume of distribution
Following administration of radiolabeled omadacycline
PK Parameters *
Cmax ng/mL Single dose 1507 (582) (n=63) 548 (146)(n=103) 874 (232) (n=24)
Steady state 2116 (680) (n=41) 952 (420)(n=43) 1077 (269) (n=24)
AUC h*ng/mL Single dose 9358 (2072) (n=62) 9399 (2559)(n=102) 13504 (3634) (n=24)
Steady state 12140 (3223) (n=41) 11156 (5010)(n=43) 13367 (3469) (n=24)
Accumulation Accumulation ratio 1.5
Absorption
Bioavailability 34.5% following single 300 mg dose of NUZYRA
Tmax Median (min, max) Single dose 0.6 (0.3, 0.7) (n=63) 2.5 (1, 4.1)(n=103) 2.5 (1.5, 3) (n=24)
Steady state 0.5 (0, 1) (n=41) 2.5 (0, 8)(n=43) 2.5 (1.5, 4) (n=24)
Distribution
Plasma Protein Binding 20%; not concentration dependent
Volume of Distribution L Single dose 256 (66) (n=62) 794§ (188)(n=27) 914§ (821.9)(n=23)
Steady state 190 (53) (n=41) 440§ (262)(n=34) 607§ (197.4)(n=24)
Elimination
Elimination Half-Life h Single dose 16.4 (2.1)(n=62) 15.0 (2.5) (n=81) 13.45 (1.7)(n=23)
Steady state 16.0 (3.5)(n=41) 15.5 (1.7) (n=21) 16.83 (1.4)(n=23)
Systemic Clearance L/h Single dose 11.24 (2.7)(n=62) 34.6§ (10.7) (n=27) 43.4§ (49.8) (n=23)
Steady state 8.8 (2.2)(n=41) 18.3§ (8.3) (n=34) 21.2§ (8.9) (n=24)
Renal Clearance L/h 3.1 (0.69) (n=8)
Metabolism Omadacycline is not metabolized
Excretion (%dose) Urine 27 (3.5) (n=8) 14.4 (2.3)(n=6) ND
Feces ND 81.1 (2.3)(n=6) ND

Absorption

The exposure to omadacycline is similar between a 300-mg oral dose and a 100-mg intravenous dose of NUZYRA in healthy fasted subjects.

Effect of Food

Ingestion of a standard high-fat nondairy meal (855 calories; 59% calories from fat) and standard high-fat meal including dairy (985 calories; 60% calories from fat) 2-hours before administration of a single 300-mg oral dose of NUZYRA decreased the rate (Cmax) and extent of absorption (AUC) by 40% and 42%, and 59% and 63%, respectively compared to administration of NUZYRA under fasting conditions. The rate and extent of absorption of NUZYRA were not substantially decreased when a high-fat nondairy meal (800-1000 calories; 50% calories from fat) was ingested 4 hours pre-dose.

Following ingestion of either a light non-fat (300-350 calories; ≤5% calories from fat), or a standard low-fat (800-1000 calories; 30% calories from fat), or a standard high fat (800-1000 calories; 50% calories from fat) meal 2 hours post-dose, the AUC and Cmax were not substantially altered, as compared to fasting conditions.

Distribution

Plasma protein binding of omadacycline is approximately 20% and is not concentration dependent. The mean (% CV) volume of distribution of omadacycline at steady-state following IV administration of NUZYRA in healthy subjects was 190 (27.7) L.

Elimination

Renal clearance of omadacycline following IV administration of NUZYRA ranged from 2.4 to 3.3 L/h in healthy subjects.

Metabolism

In vitro studies using human liver microsomes and hepatocytes demonstrated that omadacycline is not metabolized.

Excretion

Following a 100-mg IV dose of NUZYRA, 27% of the dose was recovered as unchanged omadacycline in the urine. In healthy male volunteers receiving 300-mg oral [14 C] NUZYRA, 77.5% to 84.0% of the dose was recovered in the feces, approximately 14.4 % (range 10.8% to 17.4%) in the urine, with 95.5% of the administered radioactive dose recovered after 7 days.

Lung Penetration

The mean omadacycline concentrations over time for alveolar cells (AC), epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and plasma following IV administration of multiple doses of 100-mg of NUZYRA to healthy volunteers are shown in Figure 1. The steady-state omadacycline AUC0-24h (302.5 hr*mcg/mL) in AC was 25.8-fold higher than the plasma AUC0-24h , and the AUC0-24h (17.2 hr*mcg/mL) in ELF was 1.5-fold higher than the AUC0-24h in plasma.

Figure 1: Mean (± SD) Concentrations of Omadacycline in Alveolar Cells, Epithelial Lining, and Plasma Following Multiple 100 mg IV Doses of NUZYRA to Healthy Subjects During Bronchoscopy Sampling Times

Figure 1
(click image for full-size original)

Specific Populations

No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of omadacycline were observed based on age, gender, race, weight, renal impairment or end-stage renal disease, and hepatic impairment.

Patients with Renal Impairment

A study was conducted to compare NUZYRA pharmacokinetics following 100-mg IV administration in 8 subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on stable hemodialysis, with and 8 -matched healthy control subjects. In the ESRD subjects, NUZYRA was administered on two separate occasions; immediately prior to dialysis and after dialysis, and the AUC, Cmax , and CL of NUZYRA were comparable between the renally impaired subjects and the matching healthy subjects. During dialysis, 7.9% of omadacycline was recovered in the dialysate. Renal impairment did not impact NUZYRA elimination.

Patients with Hepatic Impairment

A study was conducted to compare NUZYRA pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral dosing to 5 subjects with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A), 6 subjects with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B), and 6 subjects with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) as compared to 12 matched healthy control subjects. The AUC and Cmax of NUZYRA were comparable between the hepatically impaired subjects and the matching healthy subjects, and similar clearance was observed across all cohorts. Hepatic impairment did not impact NUZYRA elimination.

Drug Interaction Studies

Clinical Studies

Administration of oral verapamil (P-gp inhibitor) two hours prior to a single 300 mg oral dose of NUZYRA increased omadacycline AUC by approximately 25% and Cmax by approximately 9%.

In vitro Studies

In vitro studies in human liver microsomes indicate that omadacycline does not inhibit nor induce metabolism mediated by CYP 1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4/5, or UGT1A1. Therefore, NUZYRA is not expected to alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized by the above stated human hepatic enzymes.

Omadacycline is not an inhibitor of P-gp and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3. Omadacycline is a substrate of P- gp (see Clinical Studies above). Omadacycline is not a substrate or inhibitor of the major organic anion transporters (OAT-1 and 3), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), or multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). Omadacycline was not an OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 substrate at supra-therapeutic concentrations (5-13 fold higher than clinically relevant concentrations).

All MedLibrary.org resources are included in as near-original form as possible, meaning that the information from the original provider has been rendered here with only typographical or stylistic modifications and not with any substantive alterations of content, meaning or intent.

This site is provided for educational and informational purposes only, in accordance with our Terms of Use, and is not intended as a substitute for the advice of a medical doctor, nurse, nurse practitioner or other qualified health professional.

Privacy Policy | Copyright © 2024. All Rights Reserved.