ORLISTAT

ORLISTAT- orlistat capsule
H2-Pharma LLC

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

ORLISTAT is indicated for obesity management including weight loss and weight maintenance when used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet. ORLISTAT is also indicated to reduce the risk for weight regain after prior weight loss. ORLISTAT is indicated for obese patients with an initial body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m 2 or ≥27 kg/m 2 in the presence of other risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia).

Table 1 illustrates body mass index (BMI) according to a variety of weights and heights. The BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. For example, a person who weighs 180 lbs and is 5 5 would have a BMI of 30.

Table 1 Body Mass Index (BMI), kg/m 2 *
*
Conversion Factors: Weight in lbs ÷ 2.2 = weight in kilograms (kg) Height in inches × 0.0254 = height in meters (m) 1 foot = 12 inches
Table 1
(click image for full-size original)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Recommended Dosing

The recommended dose of ORLISTAT is one 120-mg capsule three times a day with each main meal containing fat (during or up to 1 hour after the meal).

The patient should be on a nutritionally balanced, reduced-calorie diet that contains approximately 30% of calories from fat. The daily intake of fat, carbohydrate, and protein should be distributed over three main meals. If a meal is occasionally missed or contains no fat, the dose of ORLISTAT can be omitted.

Because ORLISTAT has been shown to reduce the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins and beta-carotene, patients should be counseled to take a multivitamin containing fat-soluble vitamins to ensure adequate nutrition [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . The vitamin supplement should be taken at least 2 hours before or after the administration of ORLISTAT, such as at bedtime.

For patients receiving both ORLISTAT and cyclosporine therapy, administer cyclosporine 3 hours after ORLISTAT.

For patients receiving both ORLISTAT and levothyroxine therapy, administer levothyroxine and ORLISTAT at least 4 hours apart. Patients treated concomitantly with ORLISTAT and levothyroxine should be monitored for changes in thyroid function.

Doses above 120 mg three times a day have not been shown to provide additional benefit.

Based on fecal fat measurements, the effect of ORLISTAT is seen as soon as 24 to 48 hours after dosing. Upon discontinuation of therapy, fecal fat content usually returns to pretreatment levels within 48 to 72 hours.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

ORLISTAT 120 mg turquoise capsules imprinted with XENICAL 120 in black ink.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

ORLISTAT is contraindicated in:

  • Pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]
  • Patients with chronic malabsorption syndrome
  • Patients with cholestasis
  • Patients with known hypersensitivity to ORLISTAT or to any component of this product

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Drug Interactions and Decreased Vitamin Absorption

ORLISTAT may interact with concomitant drugs including cyclosporine, levothyroxine, warfarin, amiodarone, antiepileptic drugs, and antiretroviral drugs [see Drug Interactions (7)].

Data from a ORLISTAT and cyclosporine drug interaction study indicate a reduction in cyclosporine plasma levels when ORLISTAT was coadministered with cyclosporine. Therefore, ORLISTAT and cyclosporine should not be simultaneously coadministered. To reduce the chance of a drug-drug interaction, cyclosporine should be taken at least 3 hours before or after ORLISTAT in patients taking both drugs. In addition, in those patients whose cyclosporine levels are being measured, more frequent monitoring should be considered.

Patients should be strongly encouraged to take a multivitamin supplement that contains fat-soluble vitamins to ensure adequate nutrition because ORLISTAT has been shown to reduce the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins and beta-carotene [see Dosage and Administration (2), and Adverse Reactions (6.1)] . In addition, the levels of vitamin D and beta-carotene may be low in obese patients compared with non-obese subjects. The supplement should be taken once a day at least 2 hours before or after the administration of ORLISTAT, such as at bedtime.

Weight-loss may affect glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus. A reduction in dose of oral hypoglycemic medication (e.g., sulfonylureas) or insulin may be required in some patients [see Clinical Studies (14)] .

5.2 Liver Injury

There have been rare postmarketing reports of severe liver injury with hepatocellular necrosis or acute hepatic failure in patients treated with ORLISTAT, with some of these cases resulting in liver transplant or death. Patients should be instructed to report any symptoms of hepatic dysfunction (anorexia, pruritus, jaundice, dark urine, light-colored stools, or right upper quadrant pain) while taking ORLISTAT. When these symptoms occur, ORLISTAT and other suspect medications should be discontinued immediately and liver function tests and ALT and AST levels obtained.

5.3 Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and Oxalate Nephropathy with Renal Failure

Some patients may develop increased levels of urinary oxalate following treatment with ORLISTAT. Cases of oxalate nephrolithiasis and oxalate nephropathy with renal failure have been reported. Monitor renal function when prescribing ORLISTAT to patients at increased risk for oxalate nephropathy, including patients with renal impairment and in those with a history of hyperoxaluria or calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Discontinue ORLISTAT in patients who develop oxalate nephropathy.

5.4 Cholelithiasis

Substantial weight loss can increase the risk of cholelithiasis. In a clinical trial of ORLISTAT for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, the rates of cholelithiasis as an adverse event were 2.9% (47/1649) for patients randomized to ORLISTAT and 1.8% (30/1655) for patients randomized to placebo.

5.5 Miscellaneous

Organic causes of obesity (e.g., hypothyroidism) should be excluded before prescribing ORLISTAT.

Patients should be advised to adhere to dietary guidelines [see Dosage and Administration (2)] . Gastrointestinal events [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] may increase when ORLISTAT is taken with a diet high in fat (>30% total daily calories from fat). The daily intake of fat should be distributed over three main meals. If ORLISTAT is taken with any one meal very high in fat, the possibility of gastrointestinal effects increases.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

6.1 Clinical Trials

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in patients.

Commonly Observed (based on first year and second year data)

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were the most commonly observed treatment-emergent adverse events associated with the use of ORLISTAT in the seven double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and are primarily a manifestation of the mechanism of action. (Commonly observed is defined as an incidence of ≥5% and an incidence in the ORLISTAT 120 mg group that is at least twice that of placebo.)

Table 2 Commonly Observed Adverse Events
Adverse Event Year 1 Year 2
Orlistat * % Patients (N=1913) Placebo * % Patients (N=1466) Orlistat * % Patients (N=613) Placebo * % Patients (N=524)
*
Treatment designates ORLISTAT three times a day plus diet or placebo plus diet
Oily discharge may be clear or have a coloration such as orange or brown.
Oily Spotting 26.6 1.3 4.4 0.2
Flatus with Discharge 23.9 1.4 2.1 0.2
Fecal Urgency 22.1 6.7 2.8 1.7
Fatty/Oily Stool 20.0 2.9 5.5 0.6
Oily Evacuation 11.9 0.8 2.3 0.2
Increased Defecation 10.8 4.1 2.6 0.8
Fecal Incontinence 7.7 0.9 1.8 0.2

In general, the first occurrence of these events was within 3 months of starting therapy. Overall, approximately 50% of all episodes of GI adverse events associated with ORLISTAT treatment lasted for less than 1 week, and a majority lasted for no more than 4 weeks. However, GI adverse events may occur in some individuals over a period of 6 months or longer.

Discontinuation of Treatment

In controlled clinical trials, 8.8% of patients treated with ORLISTAT discontinued treatment due to adverse events, compared with 5.0% of placebo-treated patients. For ORLISTAT, the most common adverse events resulting in discontinuation of treatment were gastrointestinal.

Other Adverse Clinical Events

The following table lists other treatment-emergent adverse events from seven multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials that occurred at a frequency of ≥2% among patients treated with ORLISTAT 120 mg three times a day and with an incidence that was greater than placebo during year 1 and year 2, regardless of relationship to study medication.

Table 3 Other Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events From Seven Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials
Body System/Adverse Event Year 1 Year 2
Orlistat * % Patients (N=1913) Placebo * % Patients (N=1466) Orlistat * % Patients (N=613) Placebo * % Patients (N=524)
*
Treatment designates ORLISTAT 120 mg three times a day plus diet or placebo plus diet
– None reported at a frequency ≥2% and greater than placebo
Gastrointestinal System
Abdominal Pain/Discomfort 25.5 21.4
Nausea 8.1 7.3 3.6 2.7
Infectious Diarrhea 5.3 4.4
Rectal Pain/Discomfort 5.2 4.0 3.3 1.9
Tooth Disorder 4.3 3.1 2.9 2.3
Gingival Disorder 4.1 2.9 2.0 1.5
Vomiting 3.8 3.5
Respiratory System
Influenza 39.7 36.2
Upper Respiratory Infection 38.1 32.8 26.1 25.8
Lower Respiratory Infection 7.8 6.6
Ear, Nose & Throat Symptoms 2.0 1.6
Musculoskeletal System
Back Pain 13.9 12.1
Pain Lower Extremities 10.8 10.3
Arthritis 5.4 4.8
Myalgia 4.2 3.3
Joint Disorder 2.3 2.2
Tendonitis 2.0 1.9
Central Nervous System
Headache 30.6 27.6
Dizziness 5.2 5.0
Body as a Whole
Fatigue 7.2 6.4 3.1 1.7
Sleep Disorder 3.9 3.3
Skin & Appendages
Rash 4.3 4.0
Dry Skin 2.1 1.4
Reproductive, Female
Menstrual Irregularity 9.8 7.5
Vaginitis 3.8 3.6 2.6 1.9
Urinary System
Urinary Tract Infection 7.5 7.3 5.9 4.8
Psychiatric Disorder
Psychiatric Anxiety 4.7 2.9 2.8 2.1
Depression 3.4 2.5
Hearing & Vestibular Disorders
Otitis 4.3 3.4 2.9 2.5
Cardiovascular Disorders
Pedal Edema 2.8 1.9

Table 4 illustrates the percentage of adult patients on ORLISTAT and placebo who developed a low vitamin level on two or more consecutive visits during 1 and 2 years of therapy in studies in which patients were not previously receiving vitamin supplementation.

Table 4 Incidence of Low Vitamin Values on Two or More Consecutive Visits (Nonsupplemented Adult Patients With Normal Baseline Values — First and Second Year)
Placebo * Orlistat *
*
Treatment designates placebo plus diet or ORLISTAT plus diet
Vitamin A 1.0% 2.2%
Vitamin D 6.6% 12.0%
Vitamin E 1.0% 5.8%
Beta-carotene 1.7% 6.1%

Table 5 illustrates the percentage of adolescent patients on ORLISTAT and placebo who developed a low vitamin level on two or more consecutive visits during the 1-year study.

Table 5 Incidence of Low Vitamin Values on Two or More Consecutive Visits (Pediatric Patients With Normal Baseline Values *)
Placebo Orlistat
*
All patients were treated with vitamin supplementation throughout the course of the study
Treatment designates placebo plus diet or ORLISTAT plus diet
Vitamin A 0.0% 0.0%
Vitamin D 0.7% 1.4%
Vitamin E 0.0% 0.0%
Beta-carotene 0.8% 1.5%

In the 4-year XENDOS study, the general pattern of adverse events was similar to that reported for the 1- and 2-year studies with the total incidence of gastrointestinal-related adverse events occurring in year 1 decreasing each year over the 4-year period.

In clinical trials in obese diabetic patients, hypoglycemia and abdominal distension were also observed.

Pediatric Patients

In clinical trials with ORLISTAT in adolescent patients ages 12 to 16 years, the profile of adverse reactions was generally similar to that observed in adults.

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