Oseltamavir Phosphate
OSELTAMAVIR PHOSPHATE — oseltamivir phosphate capsule
RPK Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
1 INDICATIONS & USAGE
1.1 Treatment of Influenza
Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated illness due to influenza A and B infection in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours.
1.2 Prophylaxis of Influenza
Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is indicated for the prophylaxis of influenza A and B in patients 1 year and older.
1.3 Limitations of Use
• Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is not a substitute for early influenza vaccination on an annual basis as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
• Influenza viruses change over time. Emergence of resistance substitutions could decrease drug effectiveness. Other factors (for example, changes in viral virulence) might also diminish clinical benefit of antiviral drugs. Prescribers should consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use Oseltamivir phosphate capsules [see Microbiology (12.4) ].
• Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is not recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease not undergoing dialysis [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
2 DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Dosage and Administration Overview
Administer oseltamivir phosphate for the treatment of influenza in patients 2 weeks of age or older [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)] or for prophylaxis of influenza in patients 1 year and older [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)] using:
- Oseltamivir phosphate capsules or
- Oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension (supplied as a powder). This is the preferred formulation (6 mg per mL) for patients who cannot swallow capsules.
The capsules and oral suspension may be taken with or without food; however, tolerability may be enhanced if oseltamivir phosphate capsules is taken with food.
Adjust the oseltamivir phosphate dosage in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
For patients who cannot swallow capsules, oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is the preferred formulation. When oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is not available from wholesaler or the manufacturer, oseltamivir phosphate capsules may be opened and mixed with sweetened liquids such as regular or sugar-free chocolate syrup, corn syrup, caramel topping, or light brown sugar (dissolved in water). During emergency situations and when neither the oral suspension or the age-appropriate strengths of oseltamivir phosphate capsules to mix with sweetened liquids are available, then a pharmacist may prepare an emergency supply of oral suspension from oseltamivir phosphate capsules 75 mg [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].
2.2 Recommended Dosage for Treatment of Influenza
Initiate treatment with oseltamivir phosphate capsules within 48 hours of influenza symptom onset.
Adults and Adolescents (13 years of age and older)
The recommended oral dosage of oseltamivir phosphate capsules for treatment of influenza in adults and adolescents 13 years and older is 75 mg twice daily (one 75 mg capsule twice daily) for 5 days.
Pediatric Patients (2 weeks of age through 12 years of age)
Table 1 displays the recommended oral dosage of oseltamivir phosphate capsules for treatment of influenza in pediatric patients 2 weeks of age through 12 years of age and provides information about prescribing the capsule or the formulation for oral suspension.
2.3 Recommended Dosage for Prophylaxis of Influenza
Initiate post-exposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir phosphate capsules within 48 hours following close contact with an infected individual. Initiate seasonal prophylaxis with oseltamivir phosphate capsules during a community outbreak.
Adults and Adolescents (13 years of age and older)
The recommended dosage of oseltamivir phosphate capsules for prophylaxis of influenza in adults and adolescents 13 years and older is 75 mg orally once daily (one 75 mg capsule once daily) for at least 10 days following close contact with an infected individual and up to 6 weeks during a community outbreak. In immunocompromised patients, oseltamivir phosphate capsules may be continued for up to 12 weeks [see Use in Specific Populations (8.9) ]. The duration of protection lasts for as long as oseltamivir phosphate capsules dosing is continued.
Pediatric Patients (1 year to 12 years of age)
Table 1 displays the recommended oral dosage of oseltamivir phosphate capsules for prophylaxis of influenza in pediatric patients 1 year to 12 years of age based on body weight and provides information about prescribing the capsule or the formulation for oral suspension. Prophylaxis in pediatric patients is recommended for 10 days following close contact with an infected individual and up to 6 weeks during a community outbreak [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Table 1 Oseltamivir Phosphate Dosage Recommendations in Pediatric Patients for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza
Weight | Treatment Dosage for 5 days | Prophylaxis Dosage for 10 days* | Volume of Oral Suspension (6 mg/mL) for each Dose† | Number of Bottles of Oral Suspension to Dispense | Number of Capsules to Dispense (Strength)‡ |
Patients from 2 Weeks to less than 1 Year of Age | |||||
Any weight | 3 mg/kg twice daily | Not applicable | 0.5 mL/kg§ | 1 bottle | Not applicable |
Patients 1 to 12 Years of Age Based on Body Weight | |||||
15 kg or less | 30 mg twice daily | 30 mg once daily | 5 mL | 1 bottle | 10 Capsules(30 mg) |
15.1 kg to 23 kg | 45 mg twice daily | 45 mg once daily | 7.5 mL | 2 bottles | 10 Capsules(45 mg) |
23.1 kg to 40 kg | 60 mg twice daily | 60 mg once daily | 10 mL | 2 bottles | 20 Capsules(30 mg) |
40.1 kg or more | 75 mg twice daily | 75 mg once daily | 12.5 mL | 3 bottles | 10 Capsules(75 mg) |
* The recommended duration for post-exposure prophylaxis is 10 days and the recommended duration for community outbreak (seasonal/pre-exposure) prophylaxis is up to 6 weeks (or up to 12 weeks in immunocompromised patients). The amount supplied (e.g., number of bottles or capsules) for seasonal prophylaxis may be greater than for post-exposure prophylaxis.
† Use an oral dosing dispensing device that measures the appropriate volume in mL with the oral suspension.
‡ Oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is the preferred formulation for patients who cannot swallow capsules.
§ For patients less than 1 year of age, provide an appropriate dosing device that can accurately measure and administer small volumes.
2.4 Dosage in Patients with Renal Impairment
Table 2 displays the dosage recommendations for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in adults with various stages of renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance of less than or equal to 90 mL per minute). Dosage modifications are recommended in adults with an estimated creatinine clearance less than or equal to 60 mL per minute [see Use in Specific Population (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Table 2 Recommended Dosage Modifications for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza in Adults with Renal Impairment or End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on Dialysis
Renal Impairment (Creatinine Clearance) | Recommended Treatment Regimen* | Recommended Prophylaxis Regimen*† |
Mild(>60-90 mL/minute) | 75 mg twice daily for 5 days | 75 mg once daily |
Moderate(>30-60 mL/minute) | 30 mg twice daily for 5 days | 30 mg once daily |
Severe(>10-30 mL/minute) | 30 mg once daily for 5 days | 30 mg every other day |
ESRD Patients on Hemodialysis(≤10 mL/minute) | 30 mg immediately and then 30 mgafter every hemodialysis cycle(treatment duration not to exceed 5 days) | 30 mg immediately and then 30 mg after alternate hemodialysis cycles |
ESRD Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis‡(≤10 mL/minute) | A single 30 mg dose administered immediately | 30 mg immediately and then 30 mg once weekly |
ESRD Patients not on Dialysis | Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is not recommended | Oseltamivir phosphate capsule is not recommended |
* Capsules or oral suspension can be used for 30 mg dosing.
† The recommended duration for post-exposure prophylaxis is at least 10 days and the recommended duration for community outbreak (seasonal/pre-exposure) prophylaxis is up to 6 weeks (or up to 12 weeks in immunocompromised patients).
‡ Data derived from studies in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.
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