Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride

OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE- oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream
Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream is indicated for the topical treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea in adults.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

For topical use only. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.

Apply a pea-sized amount of oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream, once daily in a thin layer to cover the entire face (forehead, nose, each cheek, and chin) avoiding the eyes and lips. Wash hands immediately after applying oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream, 1% is a white to off-white cream. Each gram of cream contains 10 mg (1%) oxymetazoline hydrochloride, equivalent to 8.8 mg (0.88%) of oxymetazoline free base.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

None.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Potential Impacts on Cardiovascular Disease

Alpha-adrenergic agonists may impact blood pressure. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with severe or unstable or uncontrolled cardiovascular disease, orthostatic hypotension, and uncontrolled hypertension or hypotension. Advise patients with cardiovascular disease, orthostatic hypotension, and/or uncontrolled hypertension/hypotension to seek immediate medical care if their condition worsens.

5.2 Potentiation of Vascular Insufficiency

Oxymetazoline hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with cerebral or coronary insufficiency, Raynaud’s phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans, scleroderma, or Sjögren’s syndrome. Advise patients to seek immediate medical care if signs and symptoms of potentiation of vascular insufficiency develop.

5.3 Risk of Angle Closure Glaucoma

Oxymetazoline hydrochloride may increase the risk of angle closure glaucoma in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma. Advise patients to seek immediate medical care if signs and symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma develop.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

6.1 Clinical Studies Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

A total of 489 subjects with persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea were treated with oxymetazoline hydrochloride once daily for 4 weeks in 3 controlled clinical trials. An additional 440 subjects with persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea were also treated with oxymetazoline hydrochloride once daily for up to one year in a long-term (open-label) clinical trial. Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 1% of subjects treated with oxymetazoline hydrochloride through 4 weeks of treatment are presented in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥ 1% of Subjects through 4 Weeks of Treatment in Controlled Clinical Trials
Adverse Reaction Pooled Controlled Clinical Trials
Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride Cream(N = 489) Vehicle Cream(N = 483)
Application site dermatitis 9 (2%) 0
Worsening inflammatory lesions of rosacea 7 (1%) 1 (<1%)
Application site pruritus 5 (1%) 4 (1%)
Application site erythema 5 (1%) 2 (<1%)
Application site pain 4 (1%) 1 (<1%)

In the long-term (open-label) clinical trial, the rates of adverse reactions over a one-year treatment period were as follows: worsening inflammatory lesions of rosacea (3%), application site dermatitis (3%), application site pruritis (2%), application site pain (2%), and application site erythema (2%). Subjects with persistent erythema along with inflammatory lesions were allowed to use additional therapy for the inflammatory lesions of rosacea.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

7.1 Anti-hypertensives/Cardiac Glycosides

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, as a class, may impact blood pressure. Caution in using drugs such as beta-blockers, anti-hypertensives and/or cardiac glycosides is advised.

Caution should also be exercised in patients receiving alpha1 adrenergic receptor antagonists such as in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, benign prostatic hypertrophy, or Raynaud’s disease.

7.2 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Caution is advised in patients taking MAO inhibitors which can affect the metabolism and uptake of circulating amines.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

There are no available data on oxymetazoline hydrochloride use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. A literature article describing intranasal decongestant use in pregnant women identified a potential association between second-trimester exposure to oxymetazoline (with no decongestant exposure in the first trimester) and renal collecting system anomalies [see Data]. In animal reproduction studies, there were no adverse developmental effects observed after oral administration of oxymetazoline hydrochloride in pregnant rats and rabbits at systemic exposures up to 3 times and 73 times, respectively, the exposure associated with the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) [see Data]. The estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population are unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions

Following repeated use of oxymetazoline hydrochloride solution nasal spray for the treatment of nasal congestion at a dose 5 times higher than recommended, one case of fetal distress was reported in a 41-week pregnant patient. The fetal distress resolved hours later, prior to the delivery of the healthy infant. The anticipated exposures for the case are 8- to 18-fold higher than plasma exposures after topical administration of oxymetazoline hydrochloride.

Data

Human Data

No adequate and well-controlled trials of oxymetazoline hydrochloride have been conducted in pregnant women. Across all clinical trials of oxymetazoline hydrochloride, two pregnancies were reported. One pregnancy resulted in the delivery of a healthy child. One pregnancy resulted in a spontaneous abortion, which was considered to be unrelated to the trial medication. A literature article summarizing the results of exploratory analyses of intranasal decongestant use during pregnancy identified a potential association between second-trimester exposure to oxymetazoline hydrochloride solution (with no decongestant exposure in the first trimester) and renal collecting system anomalies.

Animal Data

Effects on embryo-fetal development were evaluated in rats and rabbits following oral administration of oxymetazoline hydrochloride during the period of organogenesis. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride did not cause adverse effects to the fetus at oral doses up to 0.2 mg/kg/day in pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis (3 times the MRHD on an AUC comparison basis). Oxymetazoline hydrochloride did not cause adverse effects to the fetus at oral doses up to 1 mg/kg/day in pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis (73 times the MRHD on an AUC comparison basis). Maternal toxicity, such as decreased maternal body weight, was produced at the high dose of 1 mg/kg/day in pregnant rabbits and was associated with findings of delayed skeletal ossification.

In a rat perinatal and postnatal development study, oxymetazoline hydrochloride was orally administered to pregnant rats once daily from gestation day 6 through lactation day 20. Maternal toxicity was produced at the high dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day (3 times the MRHD on an AUC comparison basis) in pregnant rats and was associated with an increase in pup mortality and reduced pup body weights. Delayed sexual maturation was noted at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg/day (2 times the MRHD and 3 times the MRHD on an AUC comparison basis, respectively). Oxymetazoline hydrochloride did not have any adverse effects on fetal development at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg/day (one-half of the MRHD on an AUC comparison basis).

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