Phytonadione

PHYTONADIONE- phytonadione injection, emulsion
International Medication Systems, Limited

WARNING – HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS WITH INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR USE

Fatal hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have occurred during and immediately after intravenous and intramuscular injection of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion. Reactions have occurred despite dilution to avoid rapid intravenous infusion and upon first dose. Avoid the intravenous and intramuscular routes of administration unless the subcutaneous route is not feasible and the serious risk is justified [see WARNING AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)].

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1.1 Treatment of Hypoprothrombinemia Due to Vitamin K Deficiency or Interference

Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion is indicated for the treatment of the following coagulation disorders which are due to faulty formation of factors II, VII, IX and X when caused by vitamin K-deficiency or interference with vitamin K activity:

• anticoagulant-induced hypoprothrombinemia caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives;

• hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy;

• hypoprothrombinemia secondary to factors limiting absorption or synthesis of vitamin K, e.g., obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis;

• other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where it is definitely shown that the result is due to interference with vitamin K metabolism, e.g., salicylates.

1.2 Prophylaxis and Treatment of Vitamin K-Deficiency Bleeding in Neonates

Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin K-deficiency bleeding in neonates.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Dosing Considerations

Whenever possible, administer Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion by the subcutaneous route [see Boxed Warning]. When intravenous administration is unavoidable, inject the drug very slowly, not exceeding 1 mg per minute [see WARNING AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)].

Monitor international normalized ratio (INR) regularly and as clinical conditions indicate. Use the lowest effective dose of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion.

The coagulant effects of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion are not immediate; improvement of INR may take 1-8 hours. Interim use of whole blood or component therapy may also be necessary if bleeding is severe.

When Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion is used to correct excessive anticoagulant-induced hypoprothrombinemia, anticoagulant therapy still being indicated, the patient is again faced with the clotting hazards existing prior to starting the anticoagulant therapy. Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion is not a clotting agent, but overzealous therapy with Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion may restore conditions which originally permitted thromboembolic phenomena. Dosage should be kept as low as possible, and INR should be checked regularly as clinical conditions indicate.

2.2 Recommended Dosage for Coagulation Disorders from Vitamin K Deficiency of Interference

The recommended dosage of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion is based on whether the hypoprothrombinemia is anticoagulant-induced (e.g., due to coumarin or indanedione derivatives) or non-anticoagulant-induced (e.g., due to antibiotics; salicylates or other drugs; factors limiting absorption or synthesis) as follows:

Anticoagulant-Induced Hypoprothrombinemia: Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion 2.5 mg to 10 mg or more subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously. Up to 25 mg to 50 mg may be administered as a single dose.

Repeated large doses of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion are not warranted in liver disease if the initial response is unsatisfactory. Failure to respond to Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion may indicate that the condition being treated is inherently unresponsive to Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion.

Hypoprothrombinemia Due to Other Causes (Non-Anticoagulation-Induced Hypoprothrombinemia): Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion 2.5 mg to 25 mg or more intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. Up to 50 mg may be administered as a single dose.

Evaluate INR after 6-8 hours, and repeat dose if INR remains prolonged. Modify subsequent dosage (amount and frequency) based on the INR or clinical condition.

2.3 Recommended Dosage for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Neonates

Prophylaxis of Vitamin K-Deficiency Bleeding in Neonates
The recommended dosage of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion is 0.5 mg to 1 mg within one hour of birth for a single dose.

Treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Neonates
The recommended dosage of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion is 1 mg given either subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
Consider higher doses if the mother has been receiving oral anticoagulants.

A failure to respond (shortening of the INR in 2 to 4 hours) may indicate another diagnosis or coagulation disorder.

2.4 Directions for Dilution

Dilute Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, or 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection.

When diluted, start administration of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion immediately after dilution.

Discard unused portions of diluted solution as well as unused contents of the vial.

Protect Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion from light at all times.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Injection: 1 mg/0.5 mL single-dose vial and a SAF-T-Jet® vial injector.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity to phytonadione or any other component of this medication [see WARNING AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)].

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Fatal and severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have occurred with intravenous or intramuscular administration of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion. Reactions have occurred despite dilution to avoid rapid intravenous infusion and upon first dose. These reactions have included shock, cardiorespiratory arrest, flushing, diaphoresis, chest pain, tachycardia, cyanosis, weakness, and dyspnea. Administer Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion subcutaneously whenever feasible. Avoid the intravenous and intramuscular routes of administration unless the subcutaneous route is not feasible and the serious risk is justified [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION (2.1)].

5.3 Cutaneous Reactions

Parenteral administration of vitamin K replacements (including Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion) may cause cutaneous reactions. Reactions have included eczematous reactions, scleroderma-like patches, urticaria, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Time of onset ranged from 1 day to a year after parenteral administration. Discontinue Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion for skin reactions and institute medical management.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
• Hypersensitivity Reactions [see WARNING AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)]
• Cutaneous Reactions [see WARNING AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3)]

6.1 Clinical Trials and Post-Marketing Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-apporval use of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion. Because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Cardiac Disorders: Tachycardia, hypotension.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Generalized flushing; pain, swelling, and tenderness at injection site.
Hepatobiliary Disorders: Hyperbilirubinemia
Immune System Disorders: Fatal hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic reactions.
Neurologic: Dysgeusia, dizziness.
Pulmonary: Dyspnea.
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Erythema, pruritic plaques, scleroderma-like lesions, erythema perstans.
Vascular: Cyanosis.

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