Prandin

PRANDIN- repaglinide tablet
Carilion Materials Management

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

PRANDIN is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Limitation of Use:

PRANDIN should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Recommended Dosage and Administration

The recommended starting dose for patients whose HbA1c is less than 8% is 0.5 mg orally before each meal. For patients whose HbA1c is 8% or greater the starting dose is 1 or 2 mg orally before each meal.

The recommended dose range is 0.5 mg to 4 mg before meals, with a maximum daily dose of 16 mg. The patient’s dose should be doubled up to 4 mg with each meal until satisfactory glycemic control is achieved. At least one week should elapse to assess response after each dose adjustment.

Instruct patients to take PRANDIN within 30 minutes before meals. PRANDIN may be dosed 2, 3, or 4 times a day in response to changes in the patient’s meal pattern.

In patients who skip meals, instruct patients to skip the scheduled dose of PRANDIN to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. In patients who experience hypoglycemia, the dose of PRANDIN should be reduced [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

2.2 Patients with Severe Renal Impairment

In patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl = 20 – 40 mL/min) initiate PRANDIN 0.5 mg orally before each meal. Gradually titrate the dose, if needed to achieve glycemic control.

2.3 Dose Modifications for Drug Interactions

Dosage adjustments are recommended in patients taking concomitant strong CYP3A4 or CYP2C8 inhibitors or strong CYP3A4 or CYP2C8 inducers [see Drug Interactions (7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Concomitant use with gemfibrozil is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4)].

Avoid concomitant use of PRANDIN with clopidogrel. If concomitant use can not be avoided, initiate PRANDIN at 0.5 mg before each meal and do not exceed a total daily dose of 4 mg [see Drug Interactions ( 7 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

Do not exceed a total daily dose of 6 mg of PRANDIN in patients receiving cyclosporine [see Drug Interactions (7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

0.5 mg tablets (white, biconvex tablets, embossed with the Novo Nordisk (Apis) bull symbol)
1 mg tablets (yellow, biconvex tablets, embossed with the Novo Nordisk (Apis) bull symbol)
2 mg tablets (peach, biconvex tablets, embossed with the Novo Nordisk (Apis) bull symbol)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

PRANDIN is contraindicated in patients with:

Concomitant use of gemfibrozil [see Drug Interactions (7)]
Known hypersensitivity to repaglinide or any inactive ingredients

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Hypoglycemia

All glinides, including PRANDIN, can cause hypoglycemia [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Severe hypoglycemia can cause seizures, may be life-threatening, or cause death. Hypoglycemia can impair concentration ability and reaction time; this may place an individual and others at risk in situations where these abilities are important (e.g., driving or operating other machinery).

Hypoglycemia can happen suddenly and symptoms may differ in each individual and change over time in the same individual. Symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia may be less pronounced in patients with longstanding diabetes, in patients with diabetic nerve disease, in patients using medications that block the sympathetic nervous system (e.g., beta-blockers) [see Drug Interactions (7)], or in patients who experience recurrent hypoglycemia.

Factors which may increase the risk of hypoglycemia include changes in meal pattern (e.g., macronutrient content), changes in level of physical activity, changes to co-administered medication [see Drug Interactions (7)], and concomitant use with other antidiabetic agents. Patients with renal or hepatic impairment may be at higher risk of hypoglycemia [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6, 8.7)].

Patients should administer PRANDIN before meals and be instructed to skip the dose of PRANDIN if a meal is skipped. In patients who experience hypoglycemia, the dose of PRANDIN should be reduced [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Patients and caregivers must be educated to recognize and manage hypoglycemia. Self-monitoring of blood glucose plays an essential role in the prevention and management of hypoglycemia. In patients at higher risk for hypoglycemia and patients who have reduced symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia, increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring is recommended.

5.2 Serious Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions with Concomitant Use with NPH-insulin

Across seven controlled trials, there were six serious adverse events of myocardial ischemia in patients treated with PRANDIN plus NPH-insulin from two studies, and one event in patients using insulin formulations alone from another study [See Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. PRANDIN is not indicated for use in combination with NPH-insulin.

5.3 Macrovascular Outcomes

There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with PRANDIN.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reaction is also described elsewhere in the labeling:

Hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying designs, the adverse reaction rates reported in one clinical trial may not be easily compared to those rates reported in another clinical trial, and may not reflect the rates actually observed in clinical practice.

PRANDIN has been administered to 2931 individuals during clinical trials. Approximately 1500 of these individuals with type 2 diabetes have been treated for at least 3 months, 1000 for at least 6 months, and 800 for at least 1 year. The majority of these individuals (1228) received PRANDIN in one of five 1-year, active-controlled trials. Over one year, 13% of PRANDIN patients were discontinued due to adverse reactions. The most common adverse reactions leading to withdrawal were hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and related symptoms.

Table 1 lists the common adverse reactions for PRANDIN patients compared to placebo in trials 12 to 24 weeks duration.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions (%) occurring ≥ 2% in PRANDIN Treated Patients from Pool of 12 to 24 Week Placebo Controlled Trials*

PRANDIN

N=352

Placebo

N=108

Upper Respiratory Infection

16

8

Headache

11

10

Sinusitis

6

2

Arthralgia

6

3

Nausea

5

5

Diarrhea

5

2

Back Pain

5

4

Rhinitis

3

3

Constipation

3

2

Vomiting

3

3

Paresthesia

3

3

Chest pain

3

1

Bronchitis

2

1

Dyspepsia

2

2

Urinary tract infection

2

1

Tooth disorder

2

0

Allergy

2

0

* See trial descriptions in Clinical Trials (14)

Hypoglycemia

In clinical trials with PRANDIN, hypoglycemia is the most commonly observed adverse reaction. Mild or moderate hypoglycemia occurred in 31% of PRANDIN treated patients and 7% of placebo treated patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1]).

Hypoglycemia was reported in 16% of 1228 PRANDIN patients, 20% of 417 glyburide patients, and 19% of 81 glipizide patients in 1-year controlled trials. Of PRANDIN-treated patients with symptomatic hypoglycemia, none developed coma or required hospitalization.

In a 24-week placebo controlled trial, patients who were naïve to oral hypoglycemic agent therapy and patients with a HbA1c below 8% at baseline had a higher frequency of hypoglycemia.

Weight Gain

There was no average gain in body weight when patients previously treated with oral hypoglycemic agents were switched to PRANDIN. The average weight gain in patients treated with PRANDIN and not previously treated with sulfonylurea drugs was 3.3%.

Cardiovascular Events

The incidence of total serious cardiovascular adverse events, including ischemia, was higher for PRANDIN (51/1228 or 4%) than for sulfonylurea drugs (13/498 or 3%) in controlled comparator clinical trials.

Table 2: Summary of Serious Cardiovascular Events in Trials Comparing PRANDIN to Sulfonylureas (% of total patients with events)

PRANDIN

SU*

Total Exposed

1228

498

Serious CV Events

4%

3%

Cardiac Ischemic Events

2%

2%

Deaths due to CV Events

0.5%

0.4%

*: glyburide and glipizide

Seven controlled clinical trials included PRANDIN combination therapy with NPH-insulin (n=431), insulin formulations alone (n=388) or other combinations (sulfonylurea plus NPH-insulin or PRANDIN plus metformin) (n=120). There were six serious adverse events of myocardial ischemia in patients treated with PRANDIN plus NPH-insulin from two studies, and one event in patients using insulin formulations alone from another study [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Combination Therapy with Thiazolidinediones
Hypoglycemia

During 24-week treatment clinical trials of PRANDIN-rosiglitazone or PRANDIN-pioglitazone combination therapy (a total of 250 patients in combination therapy), hypoglycemia (blood glucose < 50 mg/dL) occurred in 7% of patients in combination therapy compared to 7% for PRANDIN monotherapy, and 2% for thiazolidinedione monotherapy.

Peripheral Edema and Heart Failure

Peripheral edema was reported in 12 out of 250 (4.8%) PRANDIN-thiazolidinedione combination therapy patients and 3 out of 124 (2.4%) thiazolidinedione monotherapy patients, with no cases reported in these trials for PRANDIN monotherapy. There were reports in 2 of 250 patients (0.8%) treated with PRANDIN-thiazolidinedione therapy of episodes of edema with congestive heart failure. Both patients had a prior history of coronary artery disease and recovered after treatment with diuretic agents. No comparable cases in the monotherapy treatment groups were reported.

Weight Gain

Mean weight increases associated with combination, PRANDIN and pioglitazone therapy were 5.5 kg, 0.3 kg, and 2.0 kg respectively. Mean weight increases associated with combination, PRANDIN and rosiglitazone therapy were 4.5 kg, 1.3 kg, and 3.3 kg respectively.

Infrequent Adverse Events (<1% of Patients)

Less common adverse clinical or laboratory events observed in clinical trials included elevated liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anaphylactoid reactions.

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