Pregabalin (Page 4 of 11)

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In all controlled and uncontrolled trials across various patient populations during the premarketing development of pregabalin capsules, more than 10,000 patients have received pregabalin capsules. Approximately 5,000 patients were treated for 6 months or more, over 3,100 patients were treated for 1 year or longer, and over 1,400 patients were treated for at least 2 years.

Adverse Reactions Most Commonly Leading to Discontinuation in All Premarketing Controlled Clinical Studies

In premarketing controlled trials of all adult populations combined, 14% of patients treated with pregabalin capsules and 7% of patients treated with placebo discontinued prematurely due to adverse reactions. In the pregabalin capsules treatment group, the adverse reactions most frequently leading to discontinuation were dizziness (4%) and somnolence (4%). In the placebo group, 1% of patients withdrew due to dizziness and less than 1% withdrew due to somnolence. Other adverse reactions that led to discontinuation from controlled trials more frequently in the pregabalin capsules group compared to the placebo group were ataxia, confusion, asthenia, thinking abnormal, blurred vision, incoordination, and peripheral edema (1% each).

Most Common Adverse Reactions in All Controlled Clinical Studies in Adults

In premarketing controlled trials of all adult patient populations combined (including DPN, PHN, and adult patients with partial-onset seizures), dizziness, somnolence, dry mouth, edema, blurred vision, weight gain, and “thinking abnormal” (primarily difficulty with concentration/attention) were more commonly reported by subjects treated with pregabalin capsules than by subjects treated with placebo (greater than or equal to 5% and twice the rate of that seen in placebo).

Controlled Studies with Neuropathic Pain Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation

In clinical trials in adults with neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 9% of patients treated with pregabalin capsules and 4% of patients treated with placebo discontinued prematurely due to adverse reactions. In the pregabalin capsules treatment group, the most common reasons for discontinuation due to adverse reactions were dizziness (3%) and somnolence (2%). In comparison, less than 1% of placebo patients withdrew due to dizziness and somnolence.Other reasons for discontinuation from the trials, occurring with greater frequency in the pregabalin capsules group than in the placebo group, were asthenia, confusion, and peripheral edema. Each of these events led to withdrawal in approximately 1% of patients.

Most Common Adverse Reactions

Table 4 lists all adverse reactions, regardless of causality, occurring in greater than or equal to 1% of patients with neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy in the combined pregabalin capsules group for which the incidence was greater in this combined pregabalin capsules group than in the placebo group. A majority of pregabalin-treated patients in clinical studies had adverse reactions with a maximum intensity of “mild” or “moderate”.

Table 4. Adverse Reaction Incidence in Controlled Trials in Neuropathic Pain Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Body systemPreferred term 75 mg/day[N=77]% 150 mg/day[N=212]% 300 mg/day[N=321]% 600 mg/day[N=369]% All PGB * Placebo
[N=979]% [N=459]%
*
PGB: pregabalin
Thinking abnormal primarily consists of events related to difficulty with concentration/attention but also includes events related to cognition and language problems and slowed thinking.
Investigator term; summary level term is amblyopia
Body as a whole
Asthenia 4 2 4 7 5 2
Accidental injury 5 2 2 6 4 3
Back pain 0 2 1 2 2 0
Chest pain 4 1 1 2 2 1
Face edema 0 1 1 2 1 0
Digestive system
Dry mouth 3 2 5 7 5 1
Constipation 0 2 4 6 4 2
Flatulence 3 0 2 3 2 1
Metabolic and nutritional disorders
Peripheral edema 4 6 9 12 9 2
Weight gain 0 4 4 6 4 0
Edema 0 2 4 2 2 0
Hypoglycemia 1 3 2 1 2 1
Nervous system
Dizziness 8 9 23 29 21 5
Somnolence 4 6 13 16 12 3
Neuropathy 9 2 2 5 4 3
Ataxia 6 1 2 4 3 1
Vertigo 1 2 2 4 3 1
Confusion 0 1 2 3 2 1
Euphoria 0 0 3 2 2 0
Incoordination 1 0 2 2 2 0
Thinking abnormal 1 0 1 3 2 0
Tremor 1 1 1 2 1 0
Abnormal gait 1 0 1 3 1 0
Amnesia 3 1 0 2 1 0
Nervousness 0 1 1 1 1 0
Respiratory system
Dyspnea 3 0 2 2 2 1
Special senses
Blurry vision 3 1 3 6 4 2
Abnormal vision 1 0 1 1 1 0

Controlled Studies in Postherpetic Neuralgia

Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation

In clinical trials in adults with postherpetic neuralgia, 14% of patients treated with pregabalin capsules and 7% of patients treated with placebo discontinued prematurely due to adverse reactions. In the pregabalin capsules treatment group, the most common reasons for discontinuation due to adverse reactions were dizziness (4%) and somnolence (3%). In comparison, less than 1% of placebo patients withdrew due to dizziness and somnolence. Other reasons for discontinuation from the trials, occurring in greater frequency in the pregabalin capsules group than in the placebo group, were confusion (2%), as well as peripheral edema, asthenia, ataxia, and abnormal gait (1% each).

Most Common Adverse Reactions

Table 5 lists all adverse reactions, regardless of causality, occurring in greater than or equal to 1% of patients with neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia in the combined pregabalin capsules group for which the incidence was greater in this combined pregabalin capsules group than in the placebo group. In addition, an event is included, even if the incidence in the all pregabalin capsules group is not greater than in the placebo group, if the incidence of the event in the 600 mg/day group is more than twice that in the placebo group. A majority of pregabalin-treated patients in clinical studies had adverse reactions with a maximum intensity of “mild” or “moderate”. Overall, 12.4% of all pregabalin-treated patients and 9.0% of all placebo-treated patients had at least one severe event while 8% of pregabalin-treated patients and 4.3% of placebo-treated patients had at least one severe treatment-related adverse event.

Table 5. Adverse Reaction Incidence in Controlled Trials in Neuropathic Pain Associated With Postherpetic Neuralgia
Body systemPreferred term 75 mg/d[N=84]% 150 mg/d[N=302]% 300 mg/d[N=312]% 600 mg/d[N=154]% All PGB *[N=852]% Placebo[N=398]%
*
PGB: pregabalin
Thinking abnormal primarily consists of events related to difficulty with concentration/attention but also includes events related to cognition and language problems and slowed thinking.
Investigator term; summary level term is amblyopia
Body as a whole
Infection 14 8 6 3 7 4
Headache 5 9 5 8 7 5
Pain 5 4 5 5 5 4
Accidental injury 4 3 3 5 3 2
Flu syndrome 1 2 2 1 2 1
Face edema 0 2 1 3 2 1
Digestive system
Dry mouth 7 7 6 15 8 3
Constipation 4 5 5 5 5 2
Flatulence 2 1 2 3 2 1
Vomiting 1 1 3 3 2 1
Metabolic and nutritional disorders
Peripheral edema 0 8 16 16 12 4
Weight gain 1 2 5 7 4 0
Edema 0 1 2 6 2 1
Musculoskeletal system
Myasthenia 1 1 1 1 1 0
Nervous system
Dizziness 11 18 31 37 26 9
Somnolence 8 12 18 25 16 5
Ataxia 1 2 5 9 5 1
Abnormal gait 0 2 4 8 4 1
Confusion 1 2 3 7 3 0
Thinking abnormal 0 2 1 6 2 2
Incoordination 2 2 1 3 2 0
Amnesia 0 1 1 4 2 0
Speech disorder 0 0 1 3 1 0
Respiratory system
Bronchitis 0 1 1 3 1 1
Special senses
Blurry vision 1 5 5 9 5 3
Diplopia 0 2 2 4 2 0
Abnormal vision 0 1 2 5 2 0
Eye Disorder 0 1 1 2 1 0
Urogenital System
Urinary Incontinence 0 1 1 2 1 0

Controlled Studies of Adjunctive Therapy for Partial-Onset Seizures in Adult Patients

Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation

Approximately 15% of patients receiving pregabalin capsules and 6% of patients receiving placebo in trials of adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures discontinued prematurely due to adverse reactions. In the pregabalin capsules treatment group, the adverse reactions most frequently leading to discontinuation were dizziness (6%), ataxia (4%), and somnolence (3%). In comparison, less than 1% of patients in the placebo group withdrew due to each of these events. Other adverse reactions that led to discontinuation of at least 1% of patients in the pregabalin capsules group and at least twice as frequently compared to the placebo group were asthenia, diplopia, blurred vision, thinking abnormal, nausea, tremor, vertigo, headache, and confusion (which each led to withdrawal in 2% or less of patients).

Most Common Adverse Reactions

Table 6 lists all dose-related adverse reactions occurring in at least 2% of all pregabalin capsules-treated patients. Dose-relatedness was defined as the incidence of the adverse event in the 600 mg/day group was at least 2% greater than the rate in both the placebo and 150 mg/day groups. In these studies, 758 patients received pregabalin capsules and 294 patients received placebo for up to 12 weeks. A majority of pregabalin-treated patients in clinical studies had adverse reactions with a maximum intensity of “mild” or “moderate”.

Table 6. Dose-related Adverse Reaction Incidence in Controlled Trials of Adjunctive Therapy for Partial-Onset Seizures in Adult Patients
150 mg/d 300 mg/d 600 mg/d All PGB * Placebo
Body SystemPreferred Term [N = 185] [N = 90] [N = 395] [N = 670] [N = 294]
% % % % %
*
PGB: pregabalin
Excludes patients who received the 50 mg dose in Study E1.
Thinking abnormal primarily consists of events related to difficulty with concentration/attention but also includes events related to cognition and language problems and slowed thinking.
§
Investigator term; summary level term is amblyopia.
Body as a Whole
Accidental Injury 7 11 10 9 5
Pain 3 2 5 4 3
Digestive System
Increased Appetite 2 3 6 5 1
Dry Mouth 1 2 6 4 1
Constipation 1 1 7 4 2
Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders
Weight Gain 5 7 16 12 1
Peripheral Edema 3 3 6 5 2
Nervous System
Dizziness 18 31 38 32 11
Somnolence 11 18 28 22 11
Ataxia 6 10 20 15 4
Tremor 3 7 11 8 4
Thinking Abnormal 4 8 9 8 2
Amnesia 3 2 6 5 2
Speech Disorder 1 2 7 5 1
Incoordination 1 3 6 4 1
Abnormal Gait 1 3 5 4 0
Twitching 0 4 5 4 1
Confusion 1 2 5 4 2
Myoclonus 1 0 4 2 0
Special Senses
Blurred Vision § 5 8 12 10 4
Diplopia 5 7 12 9 4
Abnormal Vision 3 1 5 4 1

Controlled Studies with Fibromyalgia

Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation

In clinical trials of patients with fibromyalgia, 19% of patients treated with pregabalin (150– 600 mg/day) and 10% of patients treated with placebo discontinued prematurely due to adverse reactions. In the pregabalin treatment group, the most common reasons for discontinuation due to adverse reactions were dizziness (6%) and somnolence (3%). In comparison, less than 1% of placebo-treated patients withdrew due to dizziness and somnolence. Other reasons for discontinuation from the trials, occurring with greater frequency in the pregabalin treatment group than in the placebo treatment group, were fatigue, headache, balance disorder, and weight increased. Each of these adverse reactions led to withdrawal in approximately 1% of patients.

Most Common Adverse Reactions

Table 9 lists all adverse reactions, regardless of causality, occurring in greater than or equal to 2% of patients with fibromyalgia in the ‘all pregabalin’ treatment group for which the incidence was greater than in the placebo treatment group. A majority of pregabalin-treated patients in clinical studies experienced adverse reactions with a maximum intensity of “mild” or “moderate”.

Table 9. Adverse Reaction Incidence in Controlled Trials in Fibromyalgia
System Organ ClassPreferred term 150 mg/d 300 mg/d 450 mg/d 600 mg/d All PGB * Placebo
[N=132]% [N=502]% [N=505]% [N=378]% [N=1517]% [N=505]%
*
PGB: pregabalin
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders
Vertigo 2 2 2 1 2 0
Eye Disorders
Vision blurred 8 7 7 12 8 1
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Dry mouth 7 6 9 9 8 2
Constipation 4 4 7 10 7 2
Vomiting 2 3 3 2 3 2
Flatulence 1 1 2 2 2 1
Abdominal distension 2 2 2 2 2 1
General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions
Fatigue 5 7 6 8 7 4
Edema peripheral 5 5 6 9 6 2
Chest pain 2 1 1 2 2 1
Feeling abnormal 1 3 2 2 2 0
Edema 1 2 1 2 2 1
Feeling drunk 1 2 1 2 2 0
Infections and Infestations
Sinusitis 4 5 7 5 5 4
Investigations
Weight increased 8 10 10 14 11 2
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Increased appetite 4 3 5 7 5 1
Fluid retention 2 3 3 2 2 1
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Arthralgia 4 3 3 6 4 2
Muscle spasms 2 4 4 4 4 2
Back pain 2 3 4 3 3 3
Nervous System Disorders
Dizziness 23 31 43 45 38 9
Somnolence 13 18 22 22 20 4
Headache 11 12 14 10 12 12
Disturbance in attention 4 4 6 6 5 1
Balance disorder 2 3 6 9 5 0
Memory impairment 1 3 4 4 3 0
Coordination abnormal 2 1 2 2 2 1
Hypoesthesia 2 2 3 2 2 1
Lethargy 2 2 1 2 2 0
Tremor 0 1 3 2 2 0
Psychiatric Disorders
Euphoric Mood 2 5 6 7 6 1
Confusional state 0 2 3 4 3 0
Anxiety 2 2 2 2 2 1
Disorientation 1 0 2 1 2 0
Depression 2 2 2 2 2 2
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders
Pharyngolaryngeal pain 2 1 3 3 2 2

Controlled Studies in Neuropathic Pain Associated with Spinal Cord Injury

Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation

In clinical trials of adults with neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury, 13% of patients treated with pregabalin and 10% of patients treated with placebo discontinued prematurely due to adverse reactions. In the pregabalin treatment group, the most common reasons for discontinuation due to adverse reactions were somnolence (3%) and edema (2%). In comparison, none of the placebo-treated patients withdrew due to somnolence and edema. Other reasons for discontinuation from the trials, occurring with greater frequency in the pregabalin treatment group than in the placebo treatment group, were fatigue and balance disorder. Each of these adverse reactions led to withdrawal in less than 2% of patients.

Most Common Adverse Reactions

Table 10 lists all adverse reactions, regardless of causality, occurring in greater than or equal to 2% of patients for which the incidence was greater than in the placebo treatment group with neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury in the controlled trials. A majority of pregabalin-treated patients in clinical studies experienced adverse reactions with a maximum intensity of “mild” or “moderate”.

Table 10. Adverse Reaction Incidence in Controlled Trials in Neuropathic Pain Associated with Spinal Cord Injury
*
PGB: pregabalin
System Organ Class Preferred term PGB * (N=182) Placebo (N=174)
% %
Ear and labryrinth disorders
Vertigo 2.7 1.1
Eye disorders
Vision blurred 6.6 1.1
Gastrointestinal disorders
Dry mouth 11.0 2.9
Constipation 8.2 5.7
Nausea 4.9 4.0
Vomiting 2.7 1.1
General disorders and administration site conditions
Fatigue 11.0 4.0
Edema peripheral 10.4 5.2
Edema 8.2 1.1
Pain 3.3 1.1
Infections and infestations
Nasopharyngitis 8.2 4.6
Investigations
Weight increased 3.3 1.1
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased 2.7 0
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Muscular weakness 4.9 1.7
Pain in extremity 3.3 2.3
Neck pain 2.7 1.1
Back pain 2.2 1.7
Joint swelling 2.2 0
Nervous system disorders
Somnolence 35.7 11.5
Dizziness 20.9 6.9
Disturbance in attention 3.8 0
Memory impairment 3.3 1.1
Paresthesia 2.2 0.6
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia 3.8 2.9
Euphoric mood 2.2 0.6
Renal and urinary disorders
Urinary incontinence 2.7 1.1
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Decubitus ulcer 2.7 1.1
Vascular disorders
Hypertension 2.2 1.1
Hypotension 2.2 0

Other Adverse Reactions Observed During the Clinical Studies of Pregabalin Capsules

Following is a list of treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported by patients treated with pregabalin capsules during all clinical trials. The listing does not include those events already listed in the previous tables or elsewhere in labeling, those events for which a drug cause was remote, those events which were so general as to be uninformative, and those events reported only once which did not have a substantial probability of being acutely life-threatening.

Events are categorized by body system and listed in order of decreasing frequency according to the following definitions: frequent adverse reactions are those occurring on one or more occasions in at least 1/100 patients; infrequent adverse reactions are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1,000 patients; rare reactions are those occurring in fewer than 1/1,000 patients. Events of major clinical importance are described in the Warnings and Precautions section (5).

Body as a Whole – Frequent: Abdominal pain, Allergic reaction, Fever, Infrequent: Abscess, Cellulitis, Chills, Malaise, Neck rigidity, Overdose, Pelvic pain, Photosensitivity reaction, Rare: Anaphylactoid reaction, Ascites, Granuloma, Hangover effect, Intentional Injury, Retroperitoneal Fibrosis, Shock

Cardiovascular System – Infrequent: Deep thrombophlebitis, Heart failure, Hypotension, Postural hypotension, Retinal vascular disorder, Syncope; Rare: ST Depressed, Ventricular Fibrillation

Digestive System – Frequent: Gastroenteritis, Increased appetite; Infrequent: Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis, Colitis, Dysphagia, Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Melena, Mouth ulceration, Pancreatitis, Rectal hemorrhage, Tongue edema; Rare: Aphthous stomatitis, Esophageal Ulcer, Periodontal abscess

Hemic and Lymphatic System – Frequent: Ecchymosis; Infrequent: Anemia, Eosinophilia, Hypochromic anemia, Leukocytosis, Leukopenia, Lymphadenopathy, Thrombocytopenia; Rare: Myelofibrosis, Polycythemia, Prothrombin decreased, Purpura, Thrombocythemia, Alanine aminotransferase increased, Aspartate aminotransferase increased

Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders – Rare: Glucose Tolerance Decreased, Urate Crystalluria

Musculoskeletal System – Frequent: Arthralgia, Leg cramps, Myalgia, Myasthenia; Infrequent: Arthrosis; Rare: Chondrodystrophy, Generalized Spasm

Nervous System – Frequent: Anxiety, Depersonalization, Hypertonia, Hypoesthesia, Libido decreased, Nystagmus, Paresthesia, Sedation, Stupor, Twitching; Infrequent: Abnormal dreams, Agitation, Apathy, Aphasia, Circumoral paresthesia, Dysarthria, Hallucinations, Hostility, Hyperalgesia, Hyperesthesia, Hyperkinesia, Hypokinesia, Hypotonia, Libido increased, Myoclonus, Neuralgia, Rare: Addiction, Cerebellar syndrome, Cogwheel rigidity, Coma, Delirium, Delusions, Dysautonomia, Dyskinesia, Dystonia, Encephalopathy, Extrapyramidal syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Hypalgesia, Intracranial hypertension, Manic reaction, Paranoid reaction, Peripheral neuritis, Personality disorder, Psychotic depression, Schizophrenic reaction, Sleep disorder, Torticollis, Trismus

Respiratory System – Rare: Apnea, Atelectasis, Bronchiolitis, Hiccup, Laryngismus, Lung edema, Lung fibrosis, Yawn

Skin and Appendages – Frequent: Pruritus, Infrequent: Alopecia, Dry skin, Eczema, Hirsutism, Skin ulcer, Urticaria, Vesiculobullous rash; Rare: Angioedema, Exfoliative dermatitis, Lichenoid dermatitis, Melanosis, Nail Disorder, Petechial rash, Purpuric rash, Pustular rash, Skin atrophy, Skin necrosis, Skin nodule, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Subcutaneous nodule

Special senses – Frequent: Conjunctivitis, Diplopia, Otitis media, Tinnitus; Infrequent: Abnormality of accommodation, Blepharitis, Dry eyes, Eye hemorrhage, Hyperacusis, Photophobia, Retinal edema, Taste loss, Taste perversion; Rare: Anisocoria, Blindness, Corneal ulcer, Exophthalmos, Extraocular palsy, Iritis, Keratitis, Keratoconjunctivitis, Miosis, Mydriasis, Night blindness, Ophthalmoplegia, Optic atrophy, Papilledema, Parosmia, Ptosis, Uveitis

Urogenital System – Frequent: Anorgasmia, Impotence, Urinary frequency, Urinary incontinence; Infrequent: Abnormal ejaculation, Albuminuria, Amenorrhea, Dysmenorrhea, Dysuria, Hematuria, Kidney calculus, Leukorrhea, Menorrhagia, Metrorrhagia, Nephritis, Oliguria, Urinary retention, Urine abnormality; Rare: Acute kidney failure, Balanitis, Bladder Neoplasm, Cervicitis, Dyspareunia, Epididymitis, Female lactation, Glomerulitis, Ovarian disorder, Pyelonephritis

Comparison of Gender and Race

The overall adverse event profile of pregabalin was similar between women and men. There are insufficient data to support a statement regarding the distribution of adverse experience reports by race.

Pediatric use information is approved for Pfizer’s LYRICA (pregabalin) Capsules and Oral Solution products. However, due to Pfizer’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information.

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