Promethazine with Codeine

PROMETHAZINE WITH CODEINE- promethazine hydrochloride and codeine phosphate solution
ATLANTIC BIOLOGICALS CORP.

WARNING: ADDICTION, ABUSE, AND MISUSE; LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL INGESTION; ULTRA-RAPID METABOLISM OF CODEINE AND OTHER RISK FACTORS FOR LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN; PROMETHAZINE AND RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN; MEDICATION ERRORS; INTERACTIONS WITH DRUGS AFFECTING CYTOCHROME P450 ISOENZYMES; CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME

Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse

Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Reserve Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution for use in adult patients for whom the benefits of cough suppression are expected to outweigh the risks, and in whom an adequate assessment of the etiology of the cough has been made. Assess each patient’s risk prior to prescribing Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution, prescribe Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution for the shortest duration that is consistent with individual patient treatment goals, monitor all patients regularly for the development of addition or abuse, and refill only after reevaluation of the need for continued treatment. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]

Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression

Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur with use of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution. Monitor for respiratory depression, especially during initiation of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution therapy or when used in patients at higher risk [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ].

Accidental Ingestion

Accidental ingestion of even one dose of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of codeine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ].

Ultra-Rapid Metabolism of Codeine and Other Risk Factors for Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression in Children

Life-threatening respiratory depression and death have occurred in children who received codeine. Most of the reported cases occurred following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and many of the children had evidence of being an ultra-rapid metabolizer of codeine due to a CYP2D6 polymorphism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is contraindicated in children younger than 12 years of age and in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [see Contraindications (4) ]. Avoid the use of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine.

Promethazine and Respiratory Depression in Children

Postmarketing cases of respiratory depression, including fatalities have been reported with use of promethazine in pediatric patients. Children may be particularly sensitive to the additive respiratory depressant effects when promethazine is combined with other respiratory depressants, including codeine. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ].

Risk of Medication Errors

Ensure accuracy when prescribing, dispensing, and administering Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution. Dosing errors can result in accidental overdose and death. Always use an accurate milliliter measuring device when measuring and administering Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ].

Interactions with Drugs Affecting Cytochrome P450 Isoenzymes

The effects of concomitant use or discontinuation of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers, 3A4 inhibitors, or 2D6 inhibitors with codeine are complex, requiring careful consideration of the effects on the parent drug, codeine, and the active metabolite, morphine. Avoid the use of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution in patients who are taking a CYP3A4 inhibitor, CYP3A4 inducer, or 2D6 inhibitor [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9), Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) ].

Risks from Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants

Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Avoid the use of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution in patients taking benzodiazepines, other CNS depressants, or alcohol. [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 ), Drug Interactions (7.4) ].

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is not recommended for use in pregnant women [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 ) ]. Prolonged use of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated, and requires management according to protocols developed by neonatology experts. If Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is used for a prolonged period in a pregnant woman, advise the patient of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and ensure that appropriate treatment will be available [see Warnings and Precautions (5.20) ].

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution is indicated for the temporary relief of coughs and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older.

Important Limitations of Use

  • Not indicated for pediatric patients under 18 years of age [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ].
  • Contraindicated in pediatric patients under 12 years of age [see Contraindications (4), Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ].
  • Contraindicated in pediatric patients 12 to 18 years of age after tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy [see Contraindications (4), Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ].
  • Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ], reserve Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution for use in adult patients for whom the benefits of cough suppression are expected to outweigh the risks, and in whom an adequate assessment of the etiology of the cough has been made.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Instructions

Administer Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution by the oral route only.

Always use an accurate milliliter measuring device when administering Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution to ensure that the dose is measured and administered accurately. A household teaspoon is not an accurate measuring device and could lead to overdosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ]. For prescriptions where a measuring device is not provided, a pharmacist can provide an appropriate measuring device and can provide instructions for measuring the correct dose. Do not overfill. Rinse the measuring device with water after each use.

Advise patients not to increase the dose or dosing frequency of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution because serious adverse events such as respiratory depression may occur with overdosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Overdosage (10) ]. The dosage of Promethazine with Codeine Oral Solution should not be increased if cough fails to respond; an unresponsive cough should be reevaluated for possible underlying pathology [see Dosage and Administration (2.3), Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].

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