Ritonavir

RITONAVIR- ritonavir tablet, film coated
American Health Packaging

WARNING: DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS LEADING TO POTENTIALLY SERIOUS AND/OR LIFE THREATENING REACTIONS

Co-administration of ritonavir with several classes of drugs including sedative hypnotics, antiarrhythmics, or ergot alkaloid preparations may result in potentially serious and/or life-threatening adverse events due to possible effects of ritonavir on the hepatic metabolism of certain drugs. Review medications taken by patients prior to prescribing ritonavir or when prescribing other medications to patients already taking ritonavir [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Ritonavir tablets are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 General Administration Recommendations

  • Ritonavir tablets must be used in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
  • Ritonavir tablets are administered orally. Ritonavir tablets should be swallowed whole, and not chewed, broken or crushed. Take ritonavir tablets with meals.

General Dosing Guidelines
Patients who take the 600 mg twice daily soft gel capsule ritonavir dose may experience more gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or diarrhea when switching from the soft gel capsule to the tablet formulation because of greater maximum plasma concentration (C max ) achieved with the tablet formulation relative to the soft gel capsule [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Patients should also be aware that these adverse events (gastrointestinal or paresthesias) may diminish as therapy is continued.

2.3 Dosage Recommendations in Adults

Recommended Dosage for Treatment of HIV-1:
The recommended dosage of ritonavir is 600 mg twice daily by mouth to be taken with meals. Use of a dose titration schedule may help to reduce treatment-emergent adverse events while maintaining appropriate ritonavir plasma levels. Ritonavir tablets should be started at no less than 300 mg twice daily and increased at 2 to 3 day intervals by 100 mg twice daily. The maximum dose of 600 mg twice daily should not be exceeded upon completion of the titration [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].

Pregnant Women
Ritonavir oral solution is not recommended during pregnancy due to its ethanol content. Ritonavir oral solution contains the excipients ethanol and propylene glycol [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

2.4 Dosage Recommendations in Pediatric Patients

Ritonavir tablets must be used in combination with other antiretroviral agents [see Dosage and Administration (2)]. The recommended dosage of ritonavir tablets in pediatric patients older than 1 month is 350 to 400 mg per m 2 twice daily by mouth to be taken with meals and should not exceed 600 mg twice daily. Ritonavir tablets should be started at 250 mg per m 2 twice daily and increased at 2 to 3 day intervals by 50 mg per m 2 twice daily. If patients do not tolerate 400 mg per m 2 twice daily due to adverse events, the highest tolerated dose may be used for maintenance therapy in combination with other antiretroviral agents, however, alternative therapy should be considered [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].

Pediatric Dosage Guidelines for Oral Solution Ritonavir oral solution should not be administered to neonates before a postmenstrual age (first day of the mother’s last menstrual period to birth plus the time elapsed after birth) of 44 weeks has been attained [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Ritonavir oral solution contains the excipients ethanol and propylene glycol. Special attention should be given to accurate calculation of the dose of ritonavir oral solution, transcription of the medication order, dispensing information and dosing instructions to minimize the risk for medication errors, and overdose. This is especially important for young children. Total amounts of ethanol and propylene glycol from all medicines that are to be given to pediatric patients 1 to 6 months of age should be taken into account in order to avoid toxicity from these excipients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Overdosage (10)]. When possible, dose should be administered using a calibrated dosing syringe.

Table 1. Pediatric Dosage Guidelines for Oral Solution *
*
The concentration of the oral solution is 80 mg per mL.

Body Surface Area

(m 2)

Twice Daily Dose

250 mg per m 2

Twice Daily Dose

300 mg per m 2

Twice Daily Dose

350 mg per m 2

Twice Daily Dose

400 mg per m 2

0.20

0.6 mL

(50 mg)

0.75 mL

(60 mg)

0.9 mL

(70 mg)

1 mL

(80 mg)

0.25

0.8 mL

(62.5 mg)

0.9 mL

(75 mg)

1.1 mL

(87.5 mg)

1.25 mL

(100 mg)

0.50

1.6 mL

(125 mg)

1.9 mL

(150 mg)

2.2 mL

(175 mg)

2.5 mL

(200 mg)

0.75

2.3 mL

(187.5 mg)

2.8 mL

(225 mg)

3.3 mL

(262.5 mg)

3.75 mL

(300 mg)

1.00

3.1 mL

(250 mg)

3.75 mL

(300 mg)

4.4 mL

(350 mg)

5 mL

(400 mg)

1.25

3.9 mL

(312.5 mg)

4.7 mL

(375 mg)

5.5 mL

(437.5 mg)

6.25 mL

(500 mg)

1.50

4.7 mL

(375 mg)

5.6 mL

(450 mg)

6.6 mL

(525 mg)

7.5 mL

(600 mg)

Body surface area (BSA) can be calculated as follows 1:

Body surface area (BSA) Equation

Pediatric Dosage Guidelines for Oral Powder
Ritonavir oral powder should be used only for dosing increments of 100 mg. Ritonavir powder should not be used for doses less than 100 mg or for incremental doses between 100 mg intervals. Ritonavir oral solution is the preferred formulation for patients requiring doses less than 100 mg or incremental doses between 100 mg intervals.

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