Ropivacaine Hydrochloride

ROPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE- ropivacaine hydrochloride injection, solution
Hospira, Inc.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is indicated for the production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery and for acute pain management.

Surgical Anesthesia:

epidural block for surgery including cesarean section; major nerve block; local infiltration

Acute Pain Management:

epidural continuous infusion or intermittent bolus; e.g., postoperative or labor; local infiltration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Important Administration Instructions

There have been adverse event reports of chondrolysis in patients receiving intra-articular infusions of local anesthetics following arthroscopic and other surgical procedures. Ropivacaine is not approved for this use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

The rapid injection of a large volume of local anesthetic solution should be avoided and fractional (incremental) doses should always be used. The smallest dose and concentration required to produce the desired result should be administered.

The dose of any local anesthetic administered varies with the anesthetic procedure, the area to be anesthetized, the vascularity of the tissues, the number of neuronal segments to be blocked, the depth of anesthesia and degree of muscle relaxation required, the duration of anesthesia desired, individual tolerance, and the physical condition of the patient. Patients in poor general condition due to aging or other compromising factors such as partial or complete heart conduction block, advanced liver disease or severe renal dysfunction require special attention although regional anesthesia is frequently indicated in these patients. To reduce the risk of potentially serious adverse reactions, attempts should be made to optimize the patient’s condition before major blocks are performed, and the dosage should be adjusted accordingly.

Use an adequate test dose (3 to 5 mL of a short acting local anesthetic solution containing epinephrine) prior to induction of complete block. This test dose should be repeated if the patient is moved in such a fashion as to have displaced the epidural catheter. Allow adequate time for onset of anesthesia following administration of each test dose.

These products are intended for single-dose and are free from preservatives. Any solution remaining from an opened container should be discarded promptly.

2.2 Dosage Recommendations

Table 1 Dosage Recommendations
*
=Not Applicable
=The dose for a major nerve block must be adjusted according to site of administration and patient status. Supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks may be associated with a higher frequency of serious adverse reactions, regardless of the local anesthetic used [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].
=Median dose of 21 mg per hour was administered by continuous infusion or by incremental injections (top-ups) over a median delivery time of 5.5 hours.
§
=Cumulative doses up to 770 mg of ropivacaine hydrochloride; over 24 hours (intraoperative block plus postoperative infusion); Continuous epidural infusion at rates up to 28 mg per hour for 72 hours have been well tolerated in adults, i.e., 2016 mg plus surgical dose of approximately 100 mg to 150 mg as top-up.

Conc.

Volume

Dose

Onset

Duration

mg/mL

(%)

mL

mg

min

hours

SURGICAL ANESTHESIA

Lumbar Epidural

Administration

Surgery

5

7.5

10

(0.5%)

(0.75%)

(1%)

15 to 30

15 to 25

15 to 20

75 to 150

113 to 188

150 to 200

15 to 30

10 to 20

10 to 20

2 to 4

3 to 5

4 to 6

Lumbar Epidural

Administration

Cesarean Section

5

7.5

(0.5%)

(0.75%)

20 to 30

15 to 20

100 to 150

113 to 150

15 to 25

10 to 20

2 to 4

3 to 5

Thoracic Epidural

Administration

Surgery

5

7.5

(0.5%)

(0.75%)

5 to 15

5 to 15

25 to 75

38 to 113

10 to 20

10 to 20

n/a *

n/a *

Major Nerve Block

(e.g., brachial plexus block)

5

7.5

(0.5%)

(0.75%)

35 to 50

10 to 40

175 to 250

75 to 300

15 to 30

10 to 25

5 to 8

6 to 10

Field Block

(e.g., minor nerve blocks and infiltration)

5

(0.5%)

1 to 40

5 to 200

1 to 15

2 to 6

LABOR PAIN MANAGEMENT

Lumbar Epidural Administration

Initial Dose

2

(0.2%)

10 to 20

20 to 40

10 to 15

0.5 to 1.5

Continuous infusion

2

(0.2%)

6 to 14 mL/h

12 to 28 mg/h

n/a *

n/a *

Incremental injections (top-up)

2

(0.2%)

10 to 15 mL/h

20 to 30 mg/h

n/a *

n/a *

POSTOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT

Lumbar Epidural Administration

Continuous infusion §

2

(0.2%)

6 to 14 mL/h

12 to 28 mg/h

n/a *

n/a *

Thoracic Epidural

Administration

Continuous infusion §

2

(0.2%)

6 to 14 mL/h

12 to 28 mg/h

n/a *

n/a *

Infiltration

(e.g., minor nerve block)

2

5

(0.2%)

(0.5%)

1 to 100

1 to 40

2 to 200

5 to 200

1 to 5

1 to 5

2 to 6

2 to 6

The doses in the table are those considered to be necessary to produce a successful block and should be regarded as guidelines for use in adults. Individual variations in onset and duration occur. The figures reflect the expected average dose range needed. For other local anesthetic techniques standard current textbooks should be consulted.

When prolonged blocks are used, either through continuous infusion or through repeated bolus administration, the risks of reaching a toxic plasma concentration or inducing local neural injury must be considered. Experience to date indicates that a cumulative dose of up to 770 mg ropivacaine hydrochloride administered over 24 hours is well tolerated in adults when used for postoperative pain management: i.e., 2016 mg. Caution should be exercised when administering ropivacaine for prolonged periods of time, e.g., > 70 hours in debilitated patients.

For treatment of postoperative pain, the following technique can be recommended: If regional anesthesia was not used intraoperatively, then an initial epidural block with 5 mL to 7 mL ropivacaine is induced via an epidural catheter. Analgesia is maintained with an infusion of ropivacaine hydrochloride 2 mg/mL (0.2%). Clinical studies have demonstrated that infusion rates of 6 mL to 14 mL (12 mg to 28 mg) per hour provide adequate analgesia with nonprogressive motor block. With this technique a significant reduction in the need for opioids was demonstrated. Clinical experience supports the use of ropivacaine epidural infusions for up to 72 hours.

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