Smoflipid (Page 4 of 6)

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of SMOFlipid in countries where it is registered. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to product exposure.

Cardiac disorders: palpitations

General disorders and administration site conditions: chills, chest pain, malaise

Hepatobiliary disorders: cholestasis

Infections and infestations: infection

Metabolism and nutrition disorders: fatty acid deficiency Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: hyperhidrosis Vascular disorders: phlebitis

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Soybean and olive oils in SMOFlipid contain vitamin K1 which may counteract the anticoagulant activity of vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin. In patients who receive concomitant SMOFlipid and warfarin, increase monitoring of laboratory parameters for anticoagulant activity.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Administration of the recommended dose of SMOFlipid is not expected to cause major birth defects, miscarriage, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. No animal reproduction studies have been conducted with SMOFlipid. There are risks to the fetus associated with severe malnutrition during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations).

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo-Fetal Risk

Severe malnutrition in pregnant women is associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations, and perinatal mortality. Parenteral nutrition should be considered if the pregnant woman’s nutritional requirements cannot be fulfilled by oral or enteral intake.

8.2 Lactation

Risk Summary

Administration of the recommended dose of SMOFlipid is not expected to cause harm to a breastfed infant. There are no data on the presence of SMOFlipid in human or animal milk or its effects on milk production. Available published literature includes fewer than five reported cases of breastfed infants exposed to various lipid emulsions via lactation, and these cases did not report adverse events. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for SMOFlipid and any potential adverse effects of SMOFlipid on the breastfed infant, or from the underlying maternal condition.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of SMOFlipid have been established as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for PN when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible, insufficient, or contraindicated in pediatric patients, including term and preterm neonates. Use of SMOFlipid in neonates is supported by evidence from short-term (i.e., 1- to 4- week) studies, and one study following neonates beyond 4 weeks [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. Use of SMOFlipid in older pediatric patients is supported by evidence from a short-term (i.e., <28 days) study in pediatric patients 28 days to 12 years of age and additional evidence from studies in adults [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The most common adverse reactions in SMOFlipid-treated pediatric patients were anemia, vomiting, gamma-glutamyltransferase increased, and nosocomial infection [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

PNALD, also referred to as IFALD, has been reported in pediatric patients who received SMOFlipid for more than 2 weeks. PNAC (a precursor to PNALD) was reported less frequently in SMOFlipid- treated patients compared to soybean oil lipid emulsion-treated patients in Pediatric Study 1 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Although clinically significant cases of EFAD were not observed during short-term use in pediatric clinical studies, cases of EFAD have been reported with the use of SMOFlipid in the postmarketing setting [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9), Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Monitor pediatric patients for laboratory evidence of EFAD because they may be particularly vulnerable to neurologic complications if adequate amounts of essential fatty acids are not provided [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].

In the postmarketing setting, clinical decompensation with rapid infusion of intravenous lipid emulsion in neonates and infants, sometimes fatal, has been reported [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Because of immature renal function, preterm infants receiving prolonged treatment with SMOFlipid may be at risk for aluminum toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].

8.5 Geriatric Use

Energy expenditure and requirements may be lower for older adults than younger patients. Of the 354 adult patients in clinical studies of SMOFlipid, 35% were >65 years of age and 10% were >75 years of age. No overall differences in the safety and efficacy of SMOFlipid were observed between these patients and younger patients, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity in some older patients cannot be ruled out.

10 OVERDOSAGE

In the event of an overdose, serious adverse reactions may result [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.5)]. Stop the infusion of SMOFlipid until triglyceride levels have normalized and symptoms have abated. The effects are usually reversible by stopping the lipid infusion. If medically appropriate, further intervention may be indicated. Lipids are not dialyzable from plasma.

11 DESCRIPTION

SMOFlipid is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, white, homogenous lipid emulsion for intravenous infusion. The lipid content of SMOFlipid is 0.2 g/mL, and comprises a mixture of soybean oil, MCTs, olive oil, and fish oil. The mean concentration of linoleic acid (an omega-6 essential fatty acid) is 35 mg/mL (range of 28 to 50 mg/mL), and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 essential fatty acid) is 4.5 mg/mL (range of 3 to 7 mg/mL). The phosphate content is 15 mmol/L.

The total energy content, including fat, phospholipids, and glycerol is 2,000 kcal/L.

Each 100 mL of SMOFlipid contains approximately 6 g soybean oil, 6 g MCT, 5 g olive oil, 3 g fish oil, 1.2 g egg phospholipids, 2.5 g glycerin, 16.3 to 22.5 mg all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, 0.03 g sodium oleate, water for injection, and sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment (pH 6 to 9).

SMOFlipid has an osmolality of approximately 380 mOsm/kg water (which represents an osmolarity of 270 mOsm/L).

The oils included in SMOFlipid consist of a mixture of triglycerides of predominantly unsaturated fatty acids with the following structure:

Figure

where Figure
, Figure
, and Figure
are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid residues. The major components of the fatty acids in SMOFlipid are oleic acid (23% to 35%), linoleic acid (14% to 25%), caprylic acid (13% to 24%), palmitic acid (7% to 12%), capric acid (5% to 15%), stearic acid (1.5% to 4%), alpha-linolenic acid (1.5% to 3.5%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 1% to 3.5%), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 1% to 3.5%).

Oleic Acid C18 H34 O2
Figure
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Linoleic Acid C18 H32 O2
Figure
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Caprylic Acid C8 H16 O2 Figure
Capric Acid C10 H20 O2 Figure
Stearic Acid C18 H36 O2
Figure
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Palmitic Acid C16 H32 O2
Figure
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Linolenic Acid C18 H30 O2
Figure
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EPA C20 H30 O2
Figure
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DHA C22 H32 O2
Figure
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SMOFlipid contains no more than 25 mcg/L of aluminum.

The container is not made with natural rubber latex, PVC, or DEHP.

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