Survanta

SURVANTA- beractant suspension
AbbVie Inc.

DESCRIPTION

SURVANTA® contains beractant, a pulmonary surfactant, which is a natural bovine lung extract containing phospholipids, neutral lipids, fatty acids, and surfactant-associated proteins (SP) to which colfosceril palmitate (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine), palmitic acid, and tripalmitin are added to standardize the composition and to mimic surface-tension lowering properties of natural lung surfactant. The resulting composition provides 25 mg/mL of phospholipids (including 11.0-15.5 mg/mL of disaturated phosphatidylcholine), 0.5-1.75 mg/mL of triglycerides, 1.4-3.5 mg/mL of free fatty acids, and less than 1 mg/mL of SP (including SP-B, a 79-amino acid protein, and SP-C, a 35-amino acid peptide).

SURVANTA (beractant) intratracheal suspension is a sterile, preservative-free, non-pyrogenic off-white to light brown liquid supplied in single-dose glass vials for intratracheal use only. Each vial contains 4 mL (100 mg phospholipids) or 8 mL (200 mg phospholipids). Each mL of SURVANTA contains 25 mg of phospholipids. It is suspended in 0.9% sodium chloride solution and heat-sterilized. SURVANTA contains no preservatives. Sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid may be added to adjust the pH. The pH is approximately 6.2 to 7.6.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Endogenous pulmonary surfactant lowers surface tension on alveolar surfaces during respiration and stabilizes the alveoli against collapse at resting transpulmonary pressures. Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. SURVANTA replenishes surfactant and restores surface activity to the lungs of these infants.

Activity

In vitro, SURVANTA reproducibly lowers minimum surface tension to less than 8 dynes/cm as measured by the pulsating bubble surfactometer and Wilhelmy Surface Balance. In situ, SURVANTA restores pulmonary compliance to excised rat lungs artificially made surfactant-deficient. In vivo, single SURVANTA doses improve lung pressure-volume measurements, lung compliance, and oxygenation in premature rabbits and sheep.

Animal Metabolism

SURVANTA is administered directly to the target organ, the lungs, where biophysical effects occur at the alveolar surface. In surfactant-deficient premature rabbits and lambs, alveolar clearance of radio-labelled lipid components of SURVANTA is rapid. Most of the dose becomes lung-associated within hours of administration, and the lipids enter endogenous surfactant pathways of reutilization and recycling. In surfactant-sufficient adult animals, SURVANTA clearance is more rapid than in premature and young animals. There is less reutilization and recycling of surfactant in adult animals.

Limited animal experiments have not found effects of SURVANTA on endogenous surfactant metabolism. Precursor incorporation and subsequent secretion of saturated phosphatidylcholine in premature sheep are not changed by SURVANTA treatments.

No information is available about the metabolic fate of the surfactant-associated proteins in SURVANTA. The metabolic disposition in humans has not been studied.

CLINICAL STUDIES

Clinical effects of SURVANTA were demonstrated in six single-dose and four multiple-dose randomized, multi-center, controlled clinical trials involving approximately 1700 infants. Three open trials, including a Treatment IND, involved more than 8500 infants. Each dose of SURVANTA in all studies was 100 mg phospholipids/kg birth weight and was based on published experience with Surfactant TA, a lyophilized powder dosage form of SURVANTA having the same composition. SURVANTA significantly reduces the incidence of RDS, mortality due to RDS and air leak complications.

Prevention Studies

Infants of 600-1250 g birth weight and 23 to 29 weeks estimated gestational age were enrolled in two multiple-dose studies. A dose of SURVANTA was given within 15 minutes of birth to prevent the development of RDS. Up to three additional doses in the first 48 hours, as often as every 6 hours, were given if RDS subsequently developed and infants required mechanical ventilation with an FiO2 ≥ 0.30. Results of the studies at 28 days of age are shown in Table 1.

Table 1.
Study 1
SURVANTA Control P -Value
Number infants studied 119 124
Incidence of RDS (%) 27.6 63.5 < 0.001
Death due to RDS (%) 2.5 19.5 < 0.001
Death or BPD due to RDS (%) 48.7 52.8 0.536
Death due to any cause (%) 7.6 22.8 0.001
Air Leaksa (%) 5.9 21.7 0.001
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (%) 20.8 40.0 0.001
Study 2 b
SURVANTA Control P -Value
Number infants studied 91 96
Incidence of RDS (%) 28.6 48.3 0.007
Death due to RDS (%) 1.1 10.5 0.006
Death or BPD due to RDS (%) 27.5 44.2 0.018
Death due to any cause C (%) 16.5 13.7 0.633
Air Leaks a (%) 14.5 19.6 0.374
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (%) 26.5 33.2 0.298
a Pneumothorax or pneumopericardiumb Study discontinued when Treatment IND initiatedc No cause of death in the SURVANTA group was significantly increased; the higher number of deaths in this group was due to the sum of all causes.

Rescue Studies

Infants of 600-1750 g birth weight with RDS requiring mechanical ventilation and an FiO2 ≥ 0.40 were enrolled in two multiple-dose rescue studies. The initial dose of SURVANTA was given after RDS developed and before 8 hours of age. Infants could receive up to three additional doses in the first 48 hours, as often as every 6 hours, if they required mechanical ventilation and an FiO2 ≥ 0.30. Results of the studies at 28 days of age are shown in Table 2.

Table 2.
Study 3 a
SURVANTA Control P -Value
Number infants studied 198 193
Death due to RDS (%) 11.6 18.1 0.071
Death or BPD due to RDS (%) 59.1 66.8 0.102
Death due to any cause (%) 21.7 26.4 0.285
Air Leaksb (%) 11.8 29.5 <0.001
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (%) 16.3 34.0 <0.001
Study 4
SURVANTA Control P -Value
Number infants studied 204 203
Death due to RDS (%) 6.4 22.3 < 0.001
Death or BPD due to RDS (%) 43.6 63.4 < 0.001
Death due to any cause (%) 15.2 28.2 0.001
Air Leaksb (%) 11.2 22.2 0.005
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (%) 20.8 44.4 < 0.001
a Study discontinued when Treatment IND initiatedb Pneumothorax or pneumopericardium
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