TOPIRAMATE
TOPIRAMATE- topiramate tablet
Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Monotherapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 2 years of age and older.
1.2 Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients 2 years of age and older.
1.3 Migraine
Topiramate tablets are indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Dosing in Monotherapy Epilepsy
Adults and Pediatric Patients 10 Years of Age and Older
The recommended dose for topiramate tablets monotherapy in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older is 400 mg/day in two divided doses. The dose should be achieved by titration according to the following schedule (Table 1):
Pediatric Patients 2 to 9 Years of Age
Dosing in patients 2 to 9 years of age is based on weight. During the titration period, the initial dose of topiramate tablet is 25 mg/day nightly for the first week. Based upon tolerability, the dosage can be increased to 50 mg/day (25 mg twice daily) in the second week. Dosage can be increased by 25-50 mg/day each subsequent week as tolerated. Titration to the minimum maintenance dose should be attempted over 5-7 weeks of the total titration period. Based upon tolerability and clinical response, additional titration to a higher dose (up to the maximum maintenance dose) can be attempted at 25-50 mg/day weekly increments. The total daily dose should not exceed the maximum maintenance dose for each range of body weight (Table 2).
2.2 Dosing in Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy
Adults (17 Years of Age and Older)
The recommended total daily dose of topiramate tablets as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial onset seizures or Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome is 200 to 400 mg/day in two divided doses, and 400 mg/day in two divided doses as adjunctive treatment in adults with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Topiramate tablets should be initiated at 25 to 50 mg/day, followed by titration to an effective dose in increments of 25 to 50 mg/day every week. Titrating in increments of 25 mg/day every week may delay the time to reach an effective dose. Doses above 400 mg/day have not been shown to improve responses in adults with partial-onset seizures.
Pediatric Patients 2 to 16 Years of Age
The recommended total daily dose of topiramate tablets as adjunctive therapy for pediatric patients 2 to 16 years of age with partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is approximately 5 to 9 mg/kg/day in two divided doses. Titration should begin at 25 mg/day (or less, based on a range of 1 to 3 mg/kg/day) nightly for the first week. The dosage should then be increased at 1-or 2-week intervals by increments of 1 to 3 mg/kg/day (administered in two divided doses), to achieve optimal clinical response. Dose titration should be guided by clinical outcome. The total daily dose should not exceed 400 mg/day.
2.3 Dosing for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine
The recommended total daily dose of topiramate tablets as treatment for patients 12 years of age and older for the preventive treatment of migraine is 100 mg/day administered in two divided doses (Table 3). The recommended titration rate for topiramate tablets for the preventive treatment of migraine is as follows:
Dose and titration rate should be guided by clinical outcome. If required, longer intervals between dose adjustments can be used.
2.4 Administration Information
Topiramate tablets can be taken without regard to meals.
Topiramate Tablets
Because of the bitter taste, tablets should not be broken.
2.5 Dosing in Patients with Renal Impairment
In patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 70 mL/min/1.73 m2), one-half of the usual adult dose of topiramate tablets is recommended [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
2.6 Dosing in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
To avoid rapid drops in topiramate plasma concentration during hemodialysis, a supplemental dose of topiramate may be required. The actual adjustment should take into account 1) the duration of dialysis period, 2) the clearance rate of the dialysis system being used, and 3) the effective renal clearance of topiramate in the patient being dialyzed [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Topiramate tablets, USP are available in the following strengths and colors:
25 mg tablets: cream colored, round, biconvex tablets debossed with “T” on one side and “25” on the other side.
50 mg tablets: light yellow colored, round, biconvex tablets debossed with “T” on one side and “50” on the other side.
100 mg tablets: yellow colored, round, biconvex tablets debossed with “T” on one side and “100” on the other side.
200 mg tablets: salmon colored, round, biconvex tablets debossed with “T” on one side and “200” on the other side.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
None.
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Acute Myopia and Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma Syndrome
A syndrome consisting of acute myopia associated with secondary angle closure glaucoma has been reported in patients receiving topiramate tablets. Symptoms include acute onset of decreased visual acuity and/or ocular pain. Ophthalmologic findings can include some or all of the following: myopia, mydriasis, anterior chamber shallowing, ocular hyperemia (redness), choroidal detachments, retinal pigment epithelial detachments, macular striae, and increased intraocular pressure. This syndrome may be associated with supraciliary effusion resulting in anterior displacement of the lens and iris, with secondary angle closure glaucoma. Symptoms typically occur within 1 month of initiating topiramate tablets therapy. In contrast to primary narrow angle glaucoma, which is rare under 40 years of age, secondary angle closure glaucoma associated with topiramate has been reported in pediatric patients as well as adults. The primary treatment to reverse symptoms is discontinuation of topiramate tablets as rapidly as possible, according to the judgment of the treating physician. Other measures, in conjunction with discontinuation of topiramate tablets, may be helpful.
Elevated intraocular pressure of any etiology, if left untreated, can lead to serious sequelae including permanent vision loss.
5.2 Visual Field Defects
Visual field defects (independent of elevated intraocular pressure) have been reported in clinical trials and in postmarketing experience in patients receiving topiramate. In clinical trials, most of these events were reversible after topiramate discontinuation. If visual problems occur at any time during topiramate treatment, consideration should be given to discontinuing the drug.
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