Ursodiol (Page 3 of 4)
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether ursodiol is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Ursodiol is administered to a nursing mother.
Pediatric Use
The safety and effectiveness of Ursodiol in pediatric patients have not been established.
Geriatric Use
In worldwide clinical studies of Ursodiol, approximately 14% of subjects were over 65 years of age (approximately 3% were over 75 years old). In a subgroup analysis of existing clinical trials, patients greater than 56 years of age did not exhibit statistically significantly different complete dissolution rates from the younger population. No age-related differences in safety and effectiveness were found. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response in elderly and younger patients. However, small differences in efficacy and greater sensitivity of some elderly individuals taking Ursodiol cannot be ruled out. Therefore, it is recommended that dosing proceed with caution in this population.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The nature and frequency of adverse experiences were similar across all groups.
The following tables provide comprehensive listings of the adverse experiences reported that occurred with a 5% incidence level:
| Ursodiol | Placebo | |||
| 8 — 10 mg/kg/day (N = 155) | (N = 159) | |||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | |
| Body as a Whole | ||||
| Allergy | 8 | (5.2) | 7 | (4.4) |
| Chest Pain | 5 | (3.2) | 10 | (6.3) |
| Fatigue | 7 | (4.5) | 8 | (5.0) |
| Infection Viral | 30 | (19.4) | 41 | (25.8) |
| Digestive System | ||||
| Abdominal Pain | 67 | (43.2) | 70 | (44.0) |
| Cholecystitis | 8 | (5.2) | 7 | (4.4) |
| Constipation | 15 | (9.7) | 14 | (8.8) |
| Diarrhea | 42 | (27.1) | 34 | (21.4) |
| Dyspepsia | 26 | (16.8) | 18 | (11.3) |
| Flatulence | 12 | (7.7) | 12 | (7.5) |
| Gastrointestinal Disorder | 6 | (3.9) | 8 | (5.0) |
| Nausea | 22 | (14.2) | 27 | (17.0) |
| Vomiting | 15 | (9.7) | 11 | (6.9) |
| Musculoskeletal System | ||||
| Arthralgia | 12 | (7.7) | 24 | (15.1) |
| Arthritis | 9 | (5.8) | 4 | (2.5) |
| Back Pain | 11 | (7.1) | 18 | (11.3) |
| Myalgia | 9 | (5.8) | 9 | (5.7) |
| Nervous System | ||||
| Headache | 28 | (18.1) | 34 | (21.4) |
| Insomnia | 3 | (1.9) | 8 | (5.0) |
| Respiratory System | ||||
| Bronchitis | 10 | (6.5) | 6 | (3.8) |
| Coughing | 11 | (7.1) | 7 | (4.4) |
| Pharyngitis | 13 | (8.4) | 5 | (3.1) |
| Rhinitis | 8 | (5.2) | 11 | (6.9) |
| Sinusitis | 17 | (11.0) | 18 | (11.3) |
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infection | 24 | (15.5) | 21 | (13.2) |
| Urogenital System | ||||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 10 | (6.5) | 7 | (4.4) |
| Ursodiol | Placebo | |||
| 600 mg | (N = 325) | |||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | |
| Body as a Whole | ||||
| Fatigue | 25 | (7.8) | 33 | (10.2) |
| Infection Viral | 29 | (9.0) | 29 | (8.9) |
| Influenza-like Symptoms | 21 | (6.5) | 19 | (5.8) |
| Digestive System | ||||
| Abdominal Pain | 20 | (6.2) | 39 | (12.0) |
| Constipation | 85 | (26.4) | 72 | (22.2) |
| Diarrhea | 81 | (25.2) | 68 | (20.9) |
| Flatulence | 15 | (4.7) | 24 | (7.4) |
| Nausea | 56 | (17.4) | 43 | (13.2) |
| Vomiting | 44 | (13.7) | 44 | (13.5) |
| Musculoskeletal System | ||||
| Back Pain | 38 | (11.8) | 21 | (6.5) |
| Musculoskeletal Pain | 19 | (5.9) | 15 | (4.6) |
| Nervous System | ||||
| Dizziness | 53 | (16.5) | 42 | (12.9) |
| Headache | 80 | (24.8) | 78 | (24.0) |
| Respiratory System | ||||
| Pharyngitis | 10 | (3.1) | 19 | (5.8) |
| Sinusitis | 17 | (5.3) | 18 | (5.5) |
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infection | 40 | (12.4) | 35 | (10.8) |
| Skin and Appendages | ||||
| Alopecia | 17 | (5.3) | 8 | (2.5) |
| Urogenital System | ||||
| Dysmenorrhea | 18 | (5.6) | 19 | (5.8) |
Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions, presented by system organ class in alphabetical order, have been identified during post-approval use of ursodiol. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Gastrointestinal disorders: enteroliths (bezoars)
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