Valganciclovir Hydrochloride

VALGANCICLOVIR HYDROCHLORIDE — valganciclovir hydrochloride for solution
Novadoz Pharmaceuticals LLC

WARNING: HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY, IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY, FETAL TOXICITY, MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS

WARNING: HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY, IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY, FETAL TOXICITY, MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS

  • Hematologic Toxicity: Severe leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, and bone marrow failure including aplastic anemia have been reported in patients treated with valganciclovir [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
  • Impairment of Fertility: Based on animal data and limited human data, valganciclovir may cause temporary or permanent inhibition of spermatogenesis in males and suppression of fertility in females [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
  • Fetal Toxicity: Based on animal data, valganciclovir has the potential to cause birth defects in humans [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
  • Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis: Based on animal data, valganciclovir has the potential to cause cancers in humans [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1.1 Adult Patients

Treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Valganciclovir for oral solution is indicated for the treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)[see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

Prevention of CMV Disease: Valganciclovir for oral solution is indicated for the prevention of CMV disease in kidney, heart, and kidney-pancreas transplant patients at high risk (Donor CMV seropositive/Recipient CMV seronegative [D+/R-]) [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

1.2 Pediatric Patients

Prevention of CMV Disease: Valganciclovir for oral solution is indicated for the prevention of CMV disease in kidney transplant patients (4 months to 16 years of age) and heart transplant patients (1 month to 16 years of age) at high risk [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 General Dosing Information

  • Adult patients should use valganciclovir tablets, not valganciclovir for oral solution.
  • Valganciclovir for oral solution and tablets should be taken with food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
  • Valganciclovir for oral solution (50 mg/mL) must be prepared by the pharmacist prior to dispensing to the patient [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].

2.2 Recommended Dosage in Adult Patients with Normal Renal Function

For dosage recommendations in adult patients with renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].
Treatment of CMV Retinitis:

  • Induction: The recommended dosage is 900 mg (two 450 mg tablets) taken orally twice a day for 21 days.
  • Maintenance: Following induction treatment, or in adult patients with inactive CMV retinitis, the recommended dosage is 900 mg (two 450 mg tablets) taken orally once a day.

Prevention of CMV Disease:

  • For adult patients who have received a heart or kidney-pancreas transplant, the recommended dosage is 900 mg (two 450 mg tablets) taken orally once a day starting within 10 days of transplantation until 100 days post-transplantation.
  • For adult patients who have received a kidney transplant, the recommended dosage is 900 mg (two 450 mg tablets) taken orally once a day starting within 10 days of transplantation until 200 days post-transplantation.

2.3 Recommended Dosage in Pediatric Patients

Prevention of CMV Disease in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: For pediatric kidney transplant patients 4 months to 16 years of age, the recommended once daily mg dose (7 x BSA x CrCl) should start within 10 days of post-transplantation until 200 days post-transplantation.
Prevention of CMV Disease in Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients: For pediatric heart transplant patients 1 month to 16 years of age, the recommended once daily mg dose (7 x BSA x CrCl) should start within 10 days of transplantation until 100 days post-transplantation.
The recommended once daily dosage of valganciclovir for oral solution is based on body surface area (BSA) and creatinine clearance (CrCl) derived from a modified Schwartz formula, and is calculated using the equation below: Pediatric Dose (mg) = 7 x BSA x CrCl (calculated using a modified Schwartz formula). If the calculated Schwartz creatinine clearance exceeds 150 mL/min/1.73m2, then a maximum value of 150 mL/min/1.73m2 should be used in the equation. The k values used in the modified Schwartz formula are based on pediatric patient age, as shown in Table 1.

valganciclovir-dose-calculation-formula
(click image for full-size original)

Table 1. k Values According to Pediatric Patient Age*

k value Pediatric Patient Age
0.33 Infants less than 1 year of age with low birth weight for gestational age
0.45 Infants less than 1 year of age with birth weight appropriate for gestational age
0.45 Children aged 1 to less than 2 years
0.55 Boys aged 2 to less than 13 years Girls aged 2 to less than 16 years
0.7 Boys aged 13 to 16 years

*The k values provided are based on the Jaffe method of measuring serum creatinine, and may require correction when enzymatic methods are used1.
Monitor serum creatinine levels regularly and consider changes in height and body weight and adapt the dose as appropriate during prophylaxis period. All calculated doses should be rounded to the nearest 25 mg increment for the actual deliverable dose. The oral dispenser is graduated in 0.5 mL increments. A 50 mg dose is equivalent to 1 mL. If the calculated dose exceeds 900 mg, a maximum dose of 900 mg should be administered. Valganciclovir for oral solution is the preferred formulation since it provides the ability to administer a dose calculated according to the formula above; however, valganciclovir tablets may be used if the calculated doses are within 10% of available tablet strength (450 mg). For example, if the calculated dose is between 405 mg and 495 mg, one 450 mg tablet may be taken. Before prescribing valganciclovir tablets, pediatric patients should be assessed for the ability to swallow tablets.

2.4 Preparation of Valganciclovir for Oral Solution

Wearing disposable gloves is recommended during reconstitution and when wiping the outer surface of the bottle/cap and the table after reconstitution. Prior to dispensing to the patient, valganciclovir for oral solution must be prepared by the pharmacist as follows [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)]:

  • Measure 92.5 mL of purified water in a graduated cylinder.
  • Shake the valganciclovir for oral solution bottle to loosen the powder. Remove the child resistant bottle cap and add approximately half the total amount of water for constitution to the bottle and shake the closed bottle well for about 1 minute. Add the remainder of water and shake the closed bottle well for about 1 minute. This prepared solution contains 50 mg of valganciclovir free base per 1 mL.
  • Remove the child resistant bottle cap and push the bottle adapter into the neck of the bottle.
  • Close bottle with child resistant bottle cap tightly. This will assure the proper seating of the bottle adapter in the bottle and child resistant status of the cap.
  • Store constituted oral solution under refrigeration at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) for no longer than 49 days. Do not freeze.
  • Write the discard date of the constituted oral solution on the bottle label.

The patient package insert, which includes the dosing instructions for patients, and 2 oral dispensers should be dispensed to the patient [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].

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