Xenical
XENICAL- orlistat capsule
H2-Pharma LLC
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
XENICAL is indicated for obesity management including weight loss and weight maintenance when used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet. XENICAL is also indicated to reduce the risk for weight regain after prior weight loss. XENICAL is indicated for obese patients with an initial body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m 2 or ≥27 kg/m 2 in the presence of other risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia).
Table 1 illustrates body mass index (BMI) according to a variety of weights and heights. The BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. For example, a person who weighs 180 lbs and is 5 ‘ 5 “ would have a BMI of 30.
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2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Recommended Dosing
The recommended dose of XENICAL is one 120-mg capsule three times a day with each main meal containing fat (during or up to 1 hour after the meal).
The patient should be on a nutritionally balanced, reduced-calorie diet that contains approximately 30% of calories from fat. The daily intake of fat, carbohydrate, and protein should be distributed over three main meals. If a meal is occasionally missed or contains no fat, the dose of XENICAL can be omitted.
Because XENICAL has been shown to reduce the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins and beta-carotene, patients should be counseled to take a multivitamin containing fat-soluble vitamins to ensure adequate nutrition [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . The vitamin supplement should be taken at least 2 hours before or after the administration of XENICAL, such as at bedtime.
For patients receiving both XENICAL and cyclosporine therapy, administer cyclosporine 3 hours after XENICAL.
For patients receiving both XENICAL and levothyroxine therapy, administer levothyroxine and XENICAL at least 4 hours apart. Patients treated concomitantly with XENICAL and levothyroxine should be monitored for changes in thyroid function.
Doses above 120 mg three times a day have not been shown to provide additional benefit.
Based on fecal fat measurements, the effect of XENICAL is seen as soon as 24 to 48 hours after dosing. Upon discontinuation of therapy, fecal fat content usually returns to pretreatment levels within 48 to 72 hours.
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
XENICAL 120 mg turquoise capsules imprinted with XENICAL 120 in black ink.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
XENICAL is contraindicated in:
- Pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]
- Patients with chronic malabsorption syndrome
- Patients with cholestasis
- Patients with known hypersensitivity to XENICAL or to any component of this product
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Drug Interactions and Decreased Vitamin Absorption
XENICAL may interact with concomitant drugs including cyclosporine, levothyroxine, warfarin, amiodarone, antiepileptic drugs, and antiretroviral drugs [see Drug Interactions (7)].
Data from a XENICAL and cyclosporine drug interaction study indicate a reduction in cyclosporine plasma levels when XENICAL was coadministered with cyclosporine. Therefore, XENICAL and cyclosporine should not be simultaneously coadministered. To reduce the chance of a drug-drug interaction, cyclosporine should be taken at least 3 hours before or after XENICAL in patients taking both drugs. In addition, in those patients whose cyclosporine levels are being measured, more frequent monitoring should be considered.
Patients should be strongly encouraged to take a multivitamin supplement that contains fat-soluble vitamins to ensure adequate nutrition because XENICAL has been shown to reduce the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins and beta-carotene [see Dosage and Administration (2), and Adverse Reactions (6.1)] . In addition, the levels of vitamin D and beta-carotene may be low in obese patients compared with non-obese subjects. The supplement should be taken once a day at least 2 hours before or after the administration of XENICAL, such as at bedtime.
Weight-loss may affect glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus. A reduction in dose of oral hypoglycemic medication (e.g., sulfonylureas) or insulin may be required in some patients [see Clinical Studies (14)] .
5.2 Liver Injury
There have been rare postmarketing reports of severe liver injury with hepatocellular necrosis or acute hepatic failure in patients treated with XENICAL, with some of these cases resulting in liver transplant or death. Patients should be instructed to report any symptoms of hepatic dysfunction (anorexia, pruritus, jaundice, dark urine, light-colored stools, or right upper quadrant pain) while taking XENICAL. When these symptoms occur, XENICAL and other suspect medications should be discontinued immediately and liver function tests and ALT and AST levels obtained.
5.3 Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and Oxalate Nephropathy with Renal Failure
Some patients may develop increased levels of urinary oxalate following treatment with XENICAL. Cases of oxalate nephrolithiasis and oxalate nephropathy with renal failure have been reported. Monitor renal function when prescribing XENICAL to patients at increased risk for oxalate nephropathy, including patients with renal impairment and in those with a history of hyperoxaluria or calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Discontinue XENICAL in patients who develop oxalate nephropathy.
5.4 Cholelithiasis
Substantial weight loss can increase the risk of cholelithiasis. In a clinical trial of XENICAL for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, the rates of cholelithiasis as an adverse event were 2.9% (47/1649) for patients randomized to XENICAL and 1.8% (30/1655) for patients randomized to placebo.
5.5 Miscellaneous
Organic causes of obesity (e.g., hypothyroidism) should be excluded before prescribing XENICAL.
Patients should be advised to adhere to dietary guidelines [see Dosage and Administration (2)] . Gastrointestinal events [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] may increase when XENICAL is taken with a diet high in fat (>30% total daily calories from fat). The daily intake of fat should be distributed over three main meals. If XENICAL is taken with any one meal very high in fat, the possibility of gastrointestinal effects increases.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in patients.
Commonly Observed (based on first year and second year data)
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were the most commonly observed treatment-emergent adverse events associated with the use of XENICAL in the seven double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and are primarily a manifestation of the mechanism of action. (Commonly observed is defined as an incidence of ≥5% and an incidence in the XENICAL 120 mg group that is at least twice that of placebo.)
Adverse Event | Year 1 | Year 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
XENICAL * % Patients (N=1913) | Placebo * % Patients (N=1466) | XENICAL * % Patients (N=613) | Placebo * % Patients (N=524) | |
Oily Spotting † | 26.6 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 0.2 |
Flatus with Discharge | 23.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 0.2 |
Fecal Urgency | 22.1 | 6.7 | 2.8 | 1.7 |
Fatty/Oily Stool † | 20.0 | 2.9 | 5.5 | 0.6 |
Oily Evacuation † | 11.9 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.2 |
Increased Defecation | 10.8 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 0.8 |
Fecal Incontinence | 7.7 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.2 |
In general, the first occurrence of these events was within 3 months of starting therapy. Overall, approximately 50% of all episodes of GI adverse events associated with XENICAL treatment lasted for less than 1 week, and a majority lasted for no more than 4 weeks. However, GI adverse events may occur in some individuals over a period of 6 months or longer.
Discontinuation of Treatment
In controlled clinical trials, 8.8% of patients treated with XENICAL discontinued treatment due to adverse events, compared with 5.0% of placebo-treated patients. For XENICAL, the most common adverse events resulting in discontinuation of treatment were gastrointestinal.
Other Adverse Clinical Events
The following table lists other treatment-emergent adverse events from seven multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials that occurred at a frequency of ≥2% among patients treated with XENICAL 120 mg three times a day and with an incidence that was greater than placebo during year 1 and year 2, regardless of relationship to study medication.
Body System/Adverse Event | Year 1 | Year 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
XENICAL * % Patients (N=1913) | Placebo * % Patients (N=1466) | XENICAL * % Patients (N=613) | Placebo * % Patients (N=524) | |
– None reported at a frequency ≥2% and greater than placebo | ||||
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Gastrointestinal System | ||||
Abdominal Pain/Discomfort | 25.5 | 21.4 | – | – |
Nausea | 8.1 | 7.3 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Infectious Diarrhea | 5.3 | 4.4 | – | – |
Rectal Pain/Discomfort | 5.2 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 1.9 |
Tooth Disorder | 4.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.3 |
Gingival Disorder | 4.1 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.5 |
Vomiting | 3.8 | 3.5 | – | – |
Respiratory System | ||||
Influenza | 39.7 | 36.2 | – | – |
Upper Respiratory Infection | 38.1 | 32.8 | 26.1 | 25.8 |
Lower Respiratory Infection | 7.8 | 6.6 | – | – |
Ear, Nose & Throat Symptoms | 2.0 | 1.6 | – | – |
Musculoskeletal System | ||||
Back Pain | 13.9 | 12.1 | – | – |
Pain Lower Extremities | – | – | 10.8 | 10.3 |
Arthritis | 5.4 | 4.8 | – | – |
Myalgia | 4.2 | 3.3 | – | – |
Joint Disorder | 2.3 | 2.2 | – | – |
Tendonitis | – | – | 2.0 | 1.9 |
Central Nervous System | ||||
Headache | 30.6 | 27.6 | – | – |
Dizziness | 5.2 | 5.0 | – | – |
Body as a Whole | ||||
Fatigue | 7.2 | 6.4 | 3.1 | 1.7 |
Sleep Disorder | 3.9 | 3.3 | – | – |
Skin & Appendages | ||||
Rash | 4.3 | 4.0 | – | – |
Dry Skin | 2.1 | 1.4 | – | – |
Reproductive, Female | ||||
Menstrual Irregularity | 9.8 | 7.5 | – | – |
Vaginitis | 3.8 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 1.9 |
Urinary System | ||||
Urinary Tract Infection | 7.5 | 7.3 | 5.9 | 4.8 |
Psychiatric Disorder | ||||
Psychiatric Anxiety | 4.7 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.1 |
Depression | – | – | 3.4 | 2.5 |
Hearing & Vestibular Disorders | ||||
Otitis | 4.3 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.5 |
Cardiovascular Disorders | ||||
Pedal Edema | – | – | 2.8 | 1.9 |
Table 4 illustrates the percentage of adult patients on XENICAL and placebo who developed a low vitamin level on two or more consecutive visits during 1 and 2 years of therapy in studies in which patients were not previously receiving vitamin supplementation.
Placebo * | XENICAL * | |
---|---|---|
| ||
Vitamin A | 1.0% | 2.2% |
Vitamin D | 6.6% | 12.0% |
Vitamin E | 1.0% | 5.8% |
Beta-carotene | 1.7% | 6.1% |
Table 5 illustrates the percentage of adolescent patients on XENICAL and placebo who developed a low vitamin level on two or more consecutive visits during the 1-year study.
Placebo † | XENICAL † | |
---|---|---|
Vitamin A | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Vitamin D | 0.7% | 1.4% |
Vitamin E | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Beta-carotene | 0.8% | 1.5% |
In the 4-year XENDOS study, the general pattern of adverse events was similar to that reported for the 1- and 2-year studies with the total incidence of gastrointestinal-related adverse events occurring in year 1 decreasing each year over the 4-year period.
In clinical trials in obese diabetic patients, hypoglycemia and abdominal distension were also observed.
Pediatric Patients
In clinical trials with XENICAL in adolescent patients ages 12 to 16 years, the profile of adverse reactions was generally similar to that observed in adults.
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